Abstract: Among the inventions disclosed herein are: nucleic acid expression systems for bacteria having an intracytoplasmic membrane system, including, for example, methanotrophic bacteria; recombinant nucleic acid constructs comprising a pmo promoter operably linked to an expressible nucleic acid; cloning vectors suitable for making recombinant nucleic acid constructs and methods for the production of proteins such as membrane proteins.

Abstract: Thermostable peptidase enzyme derived from archaeon from the genus Pyrococcus is disclosed. The enzyme is produced from native or recombinant host cells and can be utilized in the biotechnology industry as a useful enzyme in sequencing reactions.

Abstract: A multiphoton excitaion microscope for simultaneously detecting differently colored fluorescence materials on biochips includes a multiphoton excitation source, objectives, and a plurality of detection channels. The biochip is hybridized and labeled with fluorescence materials for expressing hybridized biological signals. The multiphoton excitation source is focused to a light spot on the biochip to excite the fluorescence materials bound thereon. After that, the fluorescence emission at different wavelengths from the different fluorescent materials can be detected by the plural detection channels.

Abstract: Inorganic-organic hybrid mixture sol-gel encapsulated lipid vesicles which are composed of silyl lipids or a mixture of silyl lipids and phospholipids are provided. The present invention also provides encapsulated Langmuir Blogget (LB) membranes and biological macromolecules. The sol-gel encapsulated lipid vesicles, LB membranes and proteins possess a higher stability than conventional vesicles. Inorganic-organic hybrid mixture sol-gels are provided as novel sol-gel materials possessing desirable mechanical and physicochemical properties. Also provided are methods of preparing encapsulated lipid vesicles, LB membranes and proteins. Methods of performing renal dialysis using compositions of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides a multiphoton excitaion microscope for simultaneously detecting differently colored fluorescence materials on biochips, which includes a multiphoton excitation source, objectives, and a plurality of detection channels. The biochip is hybridized and labeled with fluorescence materials for expressing hybridized biological signals. The multiphoton excitation source is focused to a light spot on the biochip to excite the fluorescence materials bound thereon. After that, the fluorescence emission at different wavelengths from the different fluorescent materials can be detected by the plural detection channels.

Abstract: Among the inventions disclosed herein are: nucleic acid expression systems for bacteria having an intracytoplasmic membrane system, including, for example, methanotrophic bacteria; recombinant nucleic acid constructs comprising a pmo promoter operably linked to an expressible nucleic acid; cloning vectors suitable for making recombinant nucleic acid constructs and methods for the production of proteins such as membrane proteins.

Abstract: Thermostable peptidase enzyme derived from archaeon from the genus Pyrococcus is disclosed. The enzyme is produced from native or recombinant host cells and can be utilized in the biotechnology industry as a useful enzyme in sequencing reactions.

Abstract: Inorganic-organic hybrid mixture sol-gel encapsulated lipid vesicles which are composed of silyl lipids or a mixture of silyl lipids and phospholipids are provided. The present invention also provides encapsulated Langmuir Blogget (LB) membranes and biological macromolecules. The sol-gel encapsulated lipid vesicles, LB membranes and proteins possess a higher stability than conventional vesicles. Inorganic-organic hybrid mixture sol-gels are provided as novel sol-gel materials possessing desirable mechanical and physicochemical properties. Also provided are methods of preparing encapsulated lipid vesicles, LB membranes and proteins. Methods of performing renal dialysis using compositions of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: Thermostable peptidase enzyme derived from archaeon from the genus Pyrococcus is disclosed. The enzyme is produced from native or recombinant host cells and can be utilized in the biotechnology industry as a useful enzyme in sequencing reactions.

Abstract: Inorganic-organic hybrid mixture sol-gel encapsulated lipid vesicles which are composed of silyl lipids or a mixture of silyl lipids and phospholipids are provided. The present invention also provides encapsulated Langmuir Blogget (LB) membranes and biological macromolecules. The sol-gel encapsulated lipid vesicles, LB membranes and proteins possess a higher stability than conventional vesicles. Inorganic-organic hybrid mixture sol-gels are provided as novel sol-gel materials possessing desirable mechanical and physicochemical properties. Also provided are methods of preparing encapsulated lipid vesicles, LB membranes and proteins. Methods of performing renal dialysis using compositions of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to dithiane adducts of substituted benzoins and substituted benzoins derived therefrom each of which are useful as protecting groups, photolabile linkers, and fluorescent probes.