Abstract: A recirculating micro-combustor device and a method of formation includes an array of reactors contacting each other. Each reactor includes a front wall; an end wall oppositely positioned to the front wall; a pair of edge walls connecting the front wall to the end wall; an inlet port positioned in the front wall; a pair of outlet ports positioned in the front wall; and a combustion chamber connected to the inlet port and positioned between the front wall and the end wall. The combustion chamber includes a pair of inner walls defining a first area to accommodate a chemical combustion therein, and a pair of second areas to accommodate an exhaust of a reaction of the chemical combustion. The pair of second areas connect to the pair of outlet ports. Adjacent edge walls of adjacent reactors directly contact each other to form the array of reactors.

Abstract: An apparatus for retrofitting a coal-fueled burner of, e.g., a furnace, with a gas-fueled burner system for enhancing flame radiation of a gas flame. The gas-fueled burner system includes a flame charging system and an electrically isolated electrode. A time-varying voltage is applied to the flame charging system and the flame charging system imparts a corresponding time-varying charge onto the flame. The flame responds to the time-varying charge by increasing its luminosity and emissivity.