Abstract: A fuel electrode for a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) with improved high-temperature electrolysis efficiency includes a carrier having a first particle including nickel, and a second particle comprising yttria-stabilized zirconia, and a catalyst having a first element including at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Pd, Cu, Mo, and combinations thereof, and a second element comprising gadolinia-doped ceria.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack including a separator having a gas equal distribution structure includes a cell formed by sequentially stacking an air electrode, an electrolyte, and a fuel electrode, an air electrode current collector, an air electrode separator, a fuel electrode current collector, and a fuel electrode separator. The air path or the fuel path includes a first channel through which the air or the fuel is introduced from the outside and which is formed to extend to a predetermined length, an auxiliary channel branched off from the first channel so that the air or the fuel moves from the first channel, and a second channel connected to an end portion of the auxiliary channel and formed to extend to a predetermined length so that the air or the fuel moved from the auxiliary channel is moved and discharged to the outside.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fuel cell hot box for improving the system efficiency of a fuel cell, wherein all of a fuel cell stack part, an afterburner, a reformer, and an air-heat exchange unit are provided inside a main chamber, fuel may be reformed and preheated using heat of the fuel cell stack part and heat of combustion gas generated by the afterburner, and at the same time, air may be also preheated. Thus, wasting energy can be prevented, the lifetime of the entire system can be increased by cooling the fuel cell stack part and increasing the durability of the fuel cell stack part against thermal stress, and a plurality of fuel cell stack parts share the center chamber, thereby simplifying a configuration of the fuel cell hot box.

Abstract: A fuel cell hot box for improving the system efficiency of a fuel cell. Fuel cell stack parts, an after burner, a reformer, an air pre-heating zone, and a fuel-heat exchanger are provided in a housing allowing heat of the fuel cell stack parts and heat of combustion gas generated in the after burner to be used for reforming, preheating fuel and preheating air at the same time to avoid wasting energy. The fuel cell stack parts under thermal stress can be cooled to improve durability of the stack parts to increase a lifetime of a total system, and the stack parts can share the central chamber part to simplify a structure of the fuel cell hot box. In addition, the reformer includes an opening and closing unit to properly distribute the high-temperature combustion gas so that a reforming ratio is adjustable according to an operating condition of the fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a fuel cell manifold and a fuel cell stack including the same. The manifold may include a cover plate, an air guide plate configured to guide a flow of air in the manifold, a fuel guide plate configured to guide a flow of fuel in the manifold, and an auxiliary plate providing a passage for inflow of air and outflow of fuel.

Abstract: A battery pack thermal management system includes a first circulation line in which a first refrigerant temperature-increased while passing through an electronic sub-assembly passes by a first control valve, dissipates heat in a first heat exchanger, and circulates back to the electronic sub-assembly, a second circulation line in which a second refrigerant circulates through a battery pack, a compressor, and a condenser in this order or through the condenser, the compressor, and the battery pack in this order, and a plurality of valves controlling a flow path along which the second refrigerant flows in the second circulation line. The plurality of valves are capable of temperature-increasing or cooling the battery pack by controlling a flow path along which the second refrigerant flows.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fuel cell hot box for improving the system efficiency of a fuel cell, wherein all of a fuel cell stack part, an afterburner, a reformer, and an air-heat exchange unit are provided inside a main chamber, fuel may be reformed and preheated using heat of the fuel cell stack part and heat of combustion gas generated by the afterburner, and at the same time, air may be also preheated. Thus, wasting energy can be prevented, the lifetime of the entire system can be increased by cooling the fuel cell stack part and increasing the durability of the fuel cell stack part against thermal stress, and a plurality of fuel cell stack parts share the center chamber, thereby simplifying a configuration of the fuel cell hot box.

Abstract: A fuel cell hot box for improving the system efficiency of a fuel cell. Fuel cell stack parts, an after burner, a reformer, an air pre-heating zone, and a fuel-heat exchanger are provided in a housing allowing heat of the fuel cell stack parts and heat of combustion gas generated in the after burner to be used for reforming, preheating fuel and preheating air at the same time to avoid wasting energy. The fuel cell stack parts under thermal stress can be cooled to improve durability of the stack parts to increase a lifetime of a total system, and the stack parts can share the central chamber part to simplify a structure of the fuel cell hot box. In addition, the reformer includes an opening and closing unit to properly distribute the high-temperature combustion gas so that a reforming ratio is adjustable according to an operating condition of the fuel.

Abstract: A battery pack housing for improved cooling efficiency of a battery cell is disclosed. A cooling fluid introduced into a battery pack of the battery pack housing flows to generate turbulence around a battery tab at which high-temperature heat is typically generated. A flow rate and a flow velocity of the cooling fluid may be increased around the battery tab, the cooling fluid may be more actively circulated, and a temperature deviation between cells in the battery pack may be effectively reduced so that performance degradation of the battery pack may be prevented and a lifetime of the battery pack may be increased. In addition, even when the same amount of cooling fluid is used, the cooling efficiency of the battery pack may be improved, and an amount of the fluid needed for cooling may be reduced to simplify an entire system of the battery pack.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell with improved thermal distribution in a stack including two more unit cells stacked therein. The fuel cell includes a stack including the two more unit cells and separators each having manifolds formed through four sides thereof, a first chamber having an internal space so as to receive air and fuel from the outside and to transfer the air and fuel to a second chamber and so as to receive the air and fuel discharged from the stack and to discharge the air and fuel to the outside, a second chamber having an internal space so as to receive the air and fuel from the first chamber and to transfer the air and fuel to the stack, and a connecting part connecting the first chamber to the second chamber so as to allow the air and fuel to flow to the second chamber from the first chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a separator for a fuel cell, including a central part with a rectangular shape, and a surrounding part disposed to surround the central part, wherein the surrounding part includes an outlet manifold positioned at a pair of edges of the central part, which are opposed each other, and an inlet manifold positioned along a side of the central part to be adjacent to another edge except for the pair of edges at which the outlet manifold is positioned, and the central part includes a plurality of guide patterns that are spaced apart from each other to guide fluids introduced through the inlet manifold toward the outlet manifold.

Abstract: This application relates to a separator for a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack with improved durability, which contains the same, particularly to a solid oxide fuel cell stack. Specifically, this application allows an oxidizer and a fuel to flow in a counter-flow manner and a cross-flow manner in the fuel cell stack by forming an outlet manifold and an inlet manifold to have a specific shape, location and size in the separator. As a result, interlayer peeling, microcracking, etc. are prevented because no variation in temperature, reactant concentration, power, etc. occurs between each unit cell and the power density per unit volume is significantly improved because the volume is minimized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell with improved thermal distribution in a stack including two more unit cells stacked therein. The fuel cell includes a stack including the two more unit cells and separators each having manifolds formed through four sides thereof, a first chamber having an internal space so as to receive air and fuel from the outside and to transfer the air and fuel to a second chamber and so as to receive the air and fuel discharged from the stack and to discharge the air and fuel to the outside, a second chamber having an internal space so as to receive the air and fuel from the first chamber and to transfer the air and fuel to the stack, and a connecting part connecting the first chamber to the second chamber so as to allow the air and fuel to flow to the second chamber from the first chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a separator for a fuel cell, including a central part with a rectangular shape, and a surrounding part disposed to surround the central part, wherein the surrounding part includes an outlet manifold positioned at a pair of edges of the central part, which are opposed each other, and an inlet manifold positioned along a side of the central part to be adjacent to another edge except for the pair of edges at which the outlet manifold is positioned, and the central part includes a plurality of guide patterns that are spaced apart from each other to guide fluids introduced through the inlet manifold toward the outlet manifold.

Abstract: This application relates to a separator for a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack with improved durability, which contains the same, particularly to a solid oxide fuel cell stack. Specifically, this application allows an oxidizer and a fuel to flow in a counter-flow manner and a cross-flow manner in the fuel cell stack by forming an outlet manifold and an inlet manifold to have a specific shape, location and size in the separator. As a result, interlayer peeling, microcracking, etc. are prevented because no variation in temperature, reactant concentration, power, etc. occurs between each unit cell and the power density per unit volume is significantly improved because the volume is minimized.

Abstract: An example method includes causing playback of a video, receiving a first input during playback of the video, and receiving a second input during playback of the video. In such methods, the second input is separate from the first input. The method also includes determining a length of time extending from the end of the first input to the beginning of the second input. The method further includes generating a digital content item including at least a video file corresponding to the video, and a sequential data list. The sequential data list includes a duration of the first input followed by a duration of the second input. The sequential data list also includes the length of time listed between the duration of the first input and the duration of the second input.

Abstract: An example method includes causing playback of a video, receiving a first input during playback of the video, and receiving a second input during playback of the video. In such methods, the second input is separate from the first input. The method also includes determining a length of time extending from the end of the first input to the beginning of the second input. The method further includes generating a digital content item including at least a video file corresponding to the video, and a sequential data list. The sequential data list includes a duration of the first input followed by a duration of the second input. The sequential data list also includes the length of time listed between the duration of the first input and the duration of the second input.

Abstract: A multi-scaled oxygen storage material wherein cobalt element is complexed with a size of an atom or hundreds of nanometers or smaller in a ceria-zirconia solid solution and a method for preparing the same as provided. Specifically, the multi-scaled oxygen storage material contains a ceria-zirconia solid solution, a cobalt doping contained in the solid solution in the form of an atom and a cobalt-based nanocluster dispersed in the solid solution as cobalt oxide and exhibits a microstructure distinguished from that of the existing ceria-zirconia (CZO)-based oxygen storage material as well as remarkably improved oxygen storage and release ability, and the method for preparing the same is provided.

Abstract: A method for uniformly forming a nickel-metal alloy catalyst in a fuel electrode of a solid oxide electrolysis cell is provided. Specifically, before the nickel-metal alloy catalyst is formed, a metal oxide is uniformly distributed on nickel oxide contained in the fuel electrode through infiltration of a metal oxide precursor solution and hydrolysis of urea.

Abstract: A method for uniformly forming a nickel-metal alloy catalyst in a fuel electrode of a solid oxide electrolysis cell is provided. Specifically, before the nickel-metal alloy catalyst is formed, a metal oxide is uniformly distributed on nickel oxide contained in the fuel electrode through infiltration of a metal oxide precursor solution and hydrolysis of urea.