Abstract: A method may include generating views materializing tensors generated by a convolutional neural network operating on an image. Determining the outputs of the convolutional neural network operating on the image with a patch occluding various portions of the image. The outputs being determined by generating queries on the views that performs, based at least on the changes associated with occluding different portions of the image, partial re-computations of the views. A heatmap may be generated based on the outputs of the convolutional neural network. The heatmap may indicate the quantities to which the different portions of the image contribute to the output of the convolutional neural network operating on the image. Related systems and articles of manufacture, including computer program products, are also provided.