Abstract: A method of diagnosing an air leak in a lung compartment of a patient may include: advancing a diagnostic catheter into an airway leading to the lung compartment; inflating an occluding member on the catheter to form a seal with a wall of the airway and thus isolate the lung compartment; measuring air pressure within the lung compartment during multiple breaths, using the diagnostic catheter; displaying the measured air pressure as an air pressure value on a console coupled with the diagnostic catheter; and determining whether an air leak is present in the lung compartment based on the displayed air pressure value during the multiple breaths.

Abstract: A surgical drape is configured for covering a patient and an ultrasonography probe during surgical treatment of the patient. The surgical drape may comprise a first portion that comprises a canopy portion. The canopy portion can be sized and shaped to at least partially cover a mechanical arm coupled to the ultrasonography probe and a proximal portion of the ultrasonography probe, and the canopy portion can be configured to move with the proximal portion of the ultrasonography probe when the ultrasonography probe is supported by the mechanical arm. A second portion can be coupled to the first portion, in which the second portion is sized and shaped to cover at least a portion of a torso of the patient.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses detect tissue strain associated with tissue resistance and shearing and provide feedback such as real time feedback during insertion of a probe, which can decrease potential tissue damage associated with insertion of a probe. In some embodiments, a method may include generating one or more digital images of a tissue, determining a strain imparted on the tissue based on the one or more digital images, and providing feedback based on the detected strain. The feedback may be one or more of audible, visual, or haptic feedback. The feedback may be provided when the determined strain is above a threshold. The strain may be determined through the use of an artificial intelligence or machine learning classifier.

Abstract: An apparatus for robotic surgery comprises a processor configured with instructions to receive patient data from treated patients, receive surgical robotics data for each of the plurality of treated patients, and output a treatment plan of a patient to be treated in response to the patient data and the surgical robotics data. This approach has the advantage of accommodating individual variability among patients and surgical system parameters so as to provide improved treatment outcomes.

Abstract: An apparatus for robotic surgery comprises a processor configured with instructions to receive patient data from treated patients, receive surgical robotics data for each of the plurality of treated patients, and output a treatment plan of a patient to be treated in response to the patient data and the surgical robotics data. This approach has the advantage of accommodating individual variability among patients and surgical system parameters so as to provide improved treatment outcomes.

Abstract: A surgical treatment apparatus comprises an elongate support, an elongate tube, and a movable endoscope having a stiff distal portion, in which the stiff distal portion of the endoscope is configured to move one or more components of the apparatus when the support remains substantially fixed. The support may comprise a plurality of spaced apart aspiration openings near the distal end in order to facilitate alignment with the treatment site. In many embodiments, an image guided treatment apparatus is configured for use with an imaging device. In many embodiments, a target resection profile is provided. The target resection profile and one or more tissue structures are displayed on an image, and the target resection profile displayed on the image is adjusted with user input.

Abstract: A system to treat a patient comprises a user interface that allows a physician to view an image of tissue to be treated in order to develop a treatment plan to resect tissue with a predefined removal profile. The image may comprise a plurality of images, and the planned treatment is shown on the images. The treatment probe may comprise an anchor, and the image shown on the screen may have a reference image marker shown on the screen corresponding to the anchor. The planned tissue removal profile can be displayed and scaled to the image of the target tissue of an organ such as the prostate, and the physician can adjust the treatment profile based on the scaled images to provide a treatment profile in three dimensions. The images shown on the display may comprise segmented images of the patient with treatment plan overlaid on the images.

Abstract: A system to treat a patient comprises a user interface that allows a physician to view an image of tissue to be treated in order to develop a treatment plan to resect tissue with a predefined removal profile. The image may comprise a plurality of images, and the planned treatment is shown on the images. The treatment probe may comprise an anchor, and the image shown on the screen may have a reference image marker shown on the screen corresponding to the anchor. The planned tissue removal profile can be displayed and scaled to the image of the target tissue of an organ such as the prostate, and the physician can adjust the treatment profile based on the scaled images to provide a treatment profile in three dimensions. The images shown on the display may comprise segmented images of the patient with treatment plan overlaid on the images.

Abstract: A catheter treatment apparatus comprises an elongate tubular member and an expandable support. The expandable support comprises a radioactive substance to treat cancerous tissue and is configured to expand from a narrow profile for insertion to a wide profile to engage and treat tissue remaining after resection. The expandable support can be sized to fit within a volume of removed tissue to place the radioactive substance in proximity to the capsule and remaining tissue, to spare the capsule and proximate nerves and vessels to treat tissue in proximity to the capsule. The elongate tubular member may comprise a channel such as a lumen to pass a bodily fluid such as urine when the expandable support engages the tissue to treat the patient for a plurality of days. The treatment apparatus can be used to resect and diagnose tissue concurrently. Based on the diagnosis, targeted segmental treatment may be given.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure generally relate to medical aspiration devices and their methods of use. In some cases, the devices are configured to create a vacuum to capture and/or immobilize a solid deposit at a location internal to a subject. Such configurations may be useful, for example, for removing intact kidney stones small enough to pass through the ureter. In some cases, the devices further include an ablation instrument. Such devices may be useful, for example, for ablating larger solid deposits into a plurality of smaller particles at a location internal to the subject (e.g., ablating kidney stones that are too large to pass through the ureter). In some cases, the vacuum created by the devices is used to remove the plurality of smaller particles from the location internal to the subject.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure generally relate to medical aspiration devices and their methods of use. In some cases, the devices are configured to create a vacuum to capture and/or immobilize a solid deposit at a location internal to a subject. Such configurations may be useful, for example, for removing intact kidney stones small enough to pass through the ureter. In some cases, the devices further include an ablation instrument. Such devices may be useful, for example, for ablating larger solid deposits into a plurality of smaller particles at a location internal to the subject (e.g., ablating kidney stones that are too large to pass through the ureter). In some cases, the vacuum created by the devices is used to remove the plurality of smaller particles from the location internal to the subject.

Abstract: A system to treat a patient comprises a user interface that allows a physician to view an image of tissue to be treated in order to develop a treatment plan to resect tissue with a predefined removal profile. The image may comprise a plurality of images, and the planned treatment is shown on the images. The treatment probe may comprise an anchor, and the image shown on the screen may have a reference image marker shown on the screen corresponding to the anchor. The planned tissue removal profile can be displayed and scaled to the image of the target tissue of an organ such as the prostate, and the physician can adjust the treatment profile based on the scaled images to provide a treatment profile in three dimensions. The images shown on the display may comprise segmented images of the patient with treatment plan overlaid on the images.

Abstract: A system to treat a patient comprises a user interface that allows a physician to view an image of tissue to be treated in order to develop a treatment plan to resect tissue with a predefined removal profile. The image may comprise a plurality of images, and the planned treatment is shown on the images. The treatment probe may comprise an anchor, and the image shown on the screen may have a reference image marker shown on the screen corresponding to the anchor. The planned tissue removal profile can be displayed and scaled to the image of the target tissue of an organ such as the prostate, and the physician can adjust the treatment profile based on the scaled images to provide a treatment profile in three dimensions. The images shown on the display may comprise segmented images of the patient with treatment plan overlaid on the images.

Abstract: An energy source is offset from an elongate probe axis with an extension. The amount of offset of the energy source can be controlled by varying an amount of offset of the extension. The energy source rotated and translated at the offset distance to resect tissue. In some embodiments, the probe is configured to receive a second treatment probe comprising a second energy source, in which the second energy source is rotated and translated relative to the first treatment probe, which can improve positional accuracy and stability. The energy source and the extension can be coupled to a linkage to offset the energy source, and to translate and rotate the energy source with varying amounts of offset. The linkage can be coupled to a processor and one or more of the energy source moved in accordance with a treatment profile.

Abstract: A system for treating a target tissue of a patient comprises a first robotic arm coupled to a treatment probe for treating the target tissue of the patient, and a second robotic arm coupled to an imaging probe for imaging the target tissue of the patient. The system further comprises one or more computing devices operably coupled with the first robotic arm and the second robotic arm, the one or more computing devices configured to execute instructions for controlling movement of one or more of the first robotic arm or the second robotic arm. The treatment probe and/or imaging probe may be constrained to be moved only within an allowable range of motion.

Abstract: An imaging probe is covered with a stiff sheath, which allows the imaging probe to move while the stiff sheath remains in a substantially fixed location for at least a portion of the surgical procedure while the probe moves within the stiff sheath. The stiff sheath may comprise sufficient stiffness to resist deformation as the imaging probe moves along an internal channel of the sheath. The sheath can be sized and shaped in many ways and may comprise one or more openings to allow fluid to move within the channel in which the probe is located.

Abstract: A surgical treatment apparatus comprises a waterjet configured to fragment tissue and provide intact cells such as stem cells with the fragmented tissue. The intact cells can be used in one or more of many ways such as for genetic or other testing. In many embodiments, the intact cells comprise stem cells. In many embodiments, a waterjet is configured to fragment tissue. The fragmented tissue can be collected with a filter having pores sized smaller than the tissue fragments. In many embodiments cavitation with a waterjet is used to fragment the tissue comprising the intact stem cells. The waterjet may comprise a waterjet immersed in a liquid comprising water so as to form a plurality of shedding pulses. The plurality of shedding pulses can be generated with a frequency sufficient to fragment the tissue. The shedding pulses can generate cavitations that fragment the tissue.

Abstract: A system for treating a target tissue of a patient comprises a first robotic arm coupled to a treatment probe for treating the target tissue of the patient, and a second robotic arm coupled to an imaging probe for imaging the target tissue of the patient. The system further comprises one or more computing devices operably coupled with the first robotic arm and the second robotic arm, the one or more computing devices configured to execute instructions for controlling movement of one or more of the first robotic arm or the second robotic arm.

Abstract: An energy source is offset from an elongate probe axis with an extension. The amount of offset of the energy source can be controlled by varying an amount of offset of the extension. The energy source rotated and translated at the offset distance to resect tissue. In some embodiments, the probe is configured to receive a second treatment probe comprising a second energy source, in which the second energy source is rotated and translated relative to the first treatment probe, which can improve positional accuracy and stability. The energy source and the extension can be coupled to a linkage to offset the energy source, and to translate and rotate the energy source with varying amounts of offset. The linkage can be coupled to a processor and one or more of the energy source moved in accordance with a treatment profile.

Abstract: A system for treating a target tissue of a patient comprises a first robotic arm coupled to a treatment probe for treating the target tissue of the patient, and a second robotic arm coupled to an imaging probe for imaging the target tissue of the patient. The system further comprises one or more computing devices operably coupled with the first robotic arm and the second robotic arm, the one or more computing devices configured to execute instructions for controlling movement of one or more of the first robotic arm or the second robotic arm. The treatment probe and/or the imaging probe is constrained to be moved only within an allowable range of motion.