Abstract: Some embodiments described herein relate to a method that includes wetting a microfluidic device with a sample containing biological cells. The chip can contain multiple wells. The sample can be allowed to “settle,” such that individual cells migrate into and/or are captured by various wells. Analytes from the cells can be electrophoretically separated. A voltage can be applied across the chip causing analytes to migrate from the wells and into the separation medium under electromotive force, where they can be separated based, for example, on their mobility. After separation, a reagent can be applied to the chip. The reagent can be configured to increase a probe's ability to bind to at least a subset of the analytes and facilitate detection and/or quantification of the analytes. The analytes can then be probed, for example, with an antibody.

Abstract: CRISPR-based gene-drive system for inhibiting antibiotic resistance of bacteria, including Escherichia coli that efficiently copies a gRNA cassette and adjacent cargo that are flanked with sequences homologous to the targeted gRNA/Cas9 cleavage site. This “pro-active” genetic system (Pro-AG) functionally inactivates an antibiotic resistance marker on a high copy number plasmid with greater efficiency than control CRISPR-based methods. Pro-AG can effectively edit large plasmids or single-copy genomic targets, or introduce functional genes, with numerous applications to biotechnology and biomedicine.