Abstract: Captured carbon dioxide, preferably carbon dioxide captured from emissions such as carbon dioxide from flue gas emissions, can be provided in the form of purified carbon dioxide after undergoing one or more purification processes, such that the purified carbon dioxide is capable of being utilized in the formation of one or more other economically viable chemicals, such as an oxalate salt and/or oxalic acid via an electrochemical reduction process. The electrochemical reduction process utilizing a modified cathode having a metal coating for the efficient and high yield of oxalate salt and/or oxalic acid. The economically viable chemicals derived from captured carbon dioxide capable of being utilized in other applications including the treatment of waste-products, such as in the neutralization of red mud and/or the extraction of rare earth minerals from neutralized red mud.

Abstract: Sodium carbonate solutions utilized for CO2 absorption of a gaseous feedstock, such as a flue gas, can be enhanced by a frothing agent as an additive, particularly polyglycol ether frothers. The presence of the frothing agent as an additive significantly increases the absorption rate of a sodium carbonate slurry solution to generate sodium bicarbonate. The frothing agent has minimal or no effect on the energy required for reagent regeneration, such that the forther-modified sodium carbonate solution based system is economically viable and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: A system and process for the capture of carbon dioxide from a gaseous feedstock, regenerating carbon dioxide in a purified form, and regenerating reagents, wherein the reagent regeneration having reduced energy consumption in relation to carbon dioxide capture. Carbon dioxide captured by a slurry scrubbing solution producing a resultant product that can be reacted with an acid reagent to form the regenerated carbon dioxide and a resultant salt solution. Electrodialysis with bipolar membrane separation employed on the resultant salt solution to form regenerated acid and regenerated base. The regenerated base recirculated as the scrubbing solution to capture additional carbon dioxide, and the regenerated acid recirculated for additional acid reaction with additional resultant product, such that the system and process can continuously capture and form regenerated carbon dioxide in a purified form compared to the carbon dioxide of the gaseous feedstock.

Abstract: An absorption column for the simultaneous capture of the flue gases CO2, NOx and SOx, the absorption column pertaining to a single wet scrubbing absorption column at alkaline pH conditions. In some aspects, the efficacy of the single stage absorption column for the simultaneous capture of the flue gases CO2, NOx and SOx being at least 99% for CO2, at least 30% for NO and at least 95% for SO2. The single stage absorption column can have a sodium carbonate solution. The sodium carbonate solution can be enhanced by one or more oxidants as rate promoters, including H2O2, NaOCl and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide that would otherwise enter the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and other problems. CO2 capture is accomplished by reacting carbon dioxide in flue gas with an alkali metal carbonate, or a metal oxide, particularly containing an alkaline earth metal or iron, to form a carbonate salt. A preferred carbonate for CO2 capture is a dilute aqueous solution of additive-free (Na2CO3). Other carbonates include (K2CO3) or other metal ion that can produce both a carbonate and a bicarbonate salt. Examples of suitable metal oxides include several alkaline earths including Cac and MgO. The captured CO2 is preferably sequestered using any available mineral or industrial waste that contains calcium magnesium or iron in non-carbonate forms, or iron in the Fe+2 oxidation state.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide that would otherwise enter the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and other problems. CO2 capture is accomplished by reacting carbon dioxide in flue gas with an alkali metal carbonate, or a metal oxide, particularly containing an alkaline earth metal or iron, to form a carbonate salt. A preferred carbonate for CO2 capture is a dilute aqueous solution of additive-free (Na2CO3). Other carbonates include (K2CO3) or other metal ion that can produce both a carbonate and a bicarbonate salt. Examples of suitable metal oxides include several alkaline earths including CaO and MgO. The captured CO2 is preferably sequestered using any available mineral or industrial waste that contains calcium magnesium or iron in non-carbonate forms, or iron in the Fe+2 oxidation state.

Abstract: To produce metallic iron from iron ore, a composition comprising a mass of material formed from a mixture of iron ore particles and particles of a reductant that is either a biomass material in particulate form or a plastic resinous material in particulate form is used. The reductant can also be a mixture of biomass material and resin in any proportions. The mass of material comprises at least one body having a shape adapted for smelting such as pellets, briquettes, pieces or lumps. The pellets have sufficient cohesion to maintain the shape into which they have been formed.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide that would otherwise enter the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and other problems. CO2 capture is accomplished by reacting carbon dioxide in flue gas with an alkali metal carbonate, or a metal oxide, particularly containing an alkaline earth metal or iron, to form a carbonate salt. A preferred carbonate for CO2 capture is a dilute aqueous solution of additive-free (Na2CO3). Other carbonates include (K2CO3) or other metal ion that can produce both a carbonate and a bicarbonate salt. Examples of suitable metal oxides include several alkaline earths including CaO and MgO. The captured CO2 is preferably sequestered using any available mineral or industrial waste that contains calcium magnesium or iron in non-carbonate forms, or iron in the Fe+2 oxidation state.

Abstract: To produce metallic iron from iron ore, a composition comprising a mass of material formed from a mixture of iron ore particles and particles of a reductant that is either a biomass material in particulate form or a plastic resinous material in particulate form is used. The reductant can also be a mixture of biomass material and resin in any proportions. The mass of material comprises at least one body having a shape adapted for smelting such as pellets, briquettes, pieces or lumps. The pellets have sufficient cohesion to maintain the shape into which they have been formed.