Abstract: Novel catalysts for the synthesis of a alpha-chlorinated chloroformate from an aldehyde and phosgene are described. The catalysts include alkyl substituted guanidines, hexasubstituted guanidinium chlorides, substituted biguanidinium chloride, phenyldialkyliminiumtetraalkylguanidinium chloride, dialkylimidazolinium tetraalkylguanidinium chloride, phenyltetraalkylamidinium chloride and N,N-dialkyl-N'-alkylpyrrolidinium chloride.

Abstract: Acylated derivatives of N-hydroxysuccinimide are produced from succinic anhydride, hydroxylamine, and acylating agent without purification of the intermediate N-hydroxysuccinimide.

Abstract: Describes a process for preparing N,O-disubstituted hydroxylamine compounds comprising reacting an aqueous solution of free hydroxylamine with an equimolar amount of a carbonyl halide-containing compound, e.g., a chloroformate such as phenyl chloroformate, in the presence of a substantially stoichiometric amount of a weak inorganic basic reagent, thereby to produce the N-substituted derivative, and thereafter further reacting an inert organic solvent solution of the N-substituted derivative with an equimolar amount of the corresponding carbonyl halide-containing compound in the presence of a substantially stoichiometric amount of weak inorganic basic reagent, thereby to produce the N,O-disubstituted derivative, e.g., N,O-bis(phenoxycarbonyl) hydroxylamine. In a preferred embodiment, the organic solvent is used also in the reaction that produces the N-substituted derivative. N,O-disubstituted hydroxylamine compounds containing less than 3 weight percent, e.g., less than 0.

Abstract: Ethyl chloroformate is chlorinated in the rectifying zone of a distillation reactor to produce 1-chloroethyl chloroformate and 2-chloroethyl chloroformate.

Abstract: When tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and a long chain amine are employed together in intumescent flame retardant compositions, tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate bloom is substantially reduced or even eliminated, and yet the flame retardant effectiveness of the tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate is substantially retained.

Abstract: The water resistance of intumescent compositions is improved if the composition comprises polyol (alkyl carbonate).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing surface modified silica sorption agent suitable for purifying contaminated aqueous liquid, the sorption agent comprising amorphous, precipitated, silica having surface deposited thereon an organic quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: The water resistance of intumescent compositions is improved if the composition comprises at least one organotin derivative of a polyol. Organotin derivatives of polyols can be produced by reacting polyol with dialkyltin oxide or with dialkyltin dialkoxide.