Abstract: A method including receiving, at a payment-messaging system from a biller financial institution, a request comprising a public consumer token of a consumer. The consumer provided the public consumer token to a biller system of a biller for a bill payment by the consumer to the biller. The biller system provided the public consumer token to the biller financial institution. The biller financial institution maintains a biller account of the biller. The acts also can include determining a risk metric representing a risk of using the public consumer token for the bill payment. The acts additionally can include sending the risk metric from the payment-messaging system to the biller financial institution. The biller financial institution sends the risk metric to the biller system to allow the biller to determine whether to assume liability for the bill payment.

Abstract: A method including receiving, at a payment-messaging system from a payee financial institution, a request for payor profile information. The request can include a public identifier of a payor. The acts also can include determining, using a directory at the payment-messaging system, the payor profile information based on the request. The payor profile information can include a routing transit number for a payor financial institution that maintains a payor account of the payor when the payor financial institution is enabled to send real-time payments through a real-time settlement network. The payor profile information does not include an account number of the payor account.