Abstract: Disclosed are a sense circuit and memory structure incorporating the sense circuit. The sense circuit is connected to voltage rails at VDD1 and VDD2, respectively, where VDD2˜½*VDD1. During a sensing operation, VDD1 provides power to develop a voltage differential between Vdata and Vref on sense nodes. A voltage comparator samples Vdata and Vref and, based on a detectable voltage differential (minVdiff), outputs a data output value. To increase the speed at which minVdiff is reached, an equalization process is performed at the initiation of the sensing operation and includes using pre-charge transistors to quickly equalize the sense nodes to VDD2. Following equalization, Vdata and Vref only need to be pulled up or down from VDD2. Thus, minVdiff is reached faster and sampling by the voltage comparator can be performed earlier in time, reducing the overall time required for performing the sensing operation and for powering the sense circuit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide memory circuit, a sense amplifier and associated method for reading a resistive state in a memory device. The sense amplifier includes a bit cell configurable to a high or low resistance state; a sensing circuit that detects a voltage drop across the bit cell in response to an applied read current during a read operation and generates a high or low logic output at an output node; and a pulse generation circuit that increases the applied read current with an injected current pulse when a low to high transition of the resistive state of the bit cell is detected.

Abstract: A structure includes a level shifter, first and second variable voltage generators, and a programmable voltage generator. The level shifter includes low and high supply voltage nodes and two parallel branches, including multiple transistors, connected between the nodes. The programmable voltage generator generates and applies a high supply voltage (VH) to the high supply voltage node. VH is programmable to one of multiple possible VH levels. Based on the voltage level of VH, the first variable voltage generator generates and applies a low supply voltage (VL) to the low supply voltage node and the second variable voltage generator generates and applies a gate bias voltage (VGB) to gates of some transistors. By tracking VH and adjusting VL and VGB based on thereon, the voltage level shifter operates within the SOA at high VHs, remains operable at low VHs, and maintains operating speed at mid-level VHs.

Abstract: Techniques for using more-specific routing to perform scalable Layer-2 (L2) stretching of subnets across hybrid-cloud environments. Routing tables in a public cloud may allow for routes that are more specific than the default local route, and the more-specific routes may be used to send all traffic to a dedicated, cloud router. The more-specific routes are set up for a VPC where a subnet resides such that the more specific-routes cover at least a portion of subnet range. The next hop for the more-specific routes point to the cloud router which is capable of doing host routing and segmentation extension. Thus, traffic originating from endpoints in a VPC is routed to the cloud router, and the cloud router determines whether the traffic is to be re-routed back to a destination endpoint in the VPC (or another cloud location), or sent to a destination endpoint residing in the on-premises site.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide memory circuit, a sense amplifier and associated method for reading a resistive state in a memory device. The sense amplifier includes a bit cell configurable to a high or low resistance state; a sensing circuit that detects a voltage drop across the bit cell in response to an applied read current during a read operation and generates a high or low logic output at an output node; and a pulse generation circuit that increases the applied read current with an injected current pulse when a low to high transition of the resistive state of the bit cell is detected.

Abstract: A structure includes a level shifter, first and second variable voltage generators, and a programmable voltage generator. The level shifter includes low and high supply voltage nodes and two parallel branches, including multiple transistors, connected between the nodes. The programmable voltage generator generates and applies a high supply voltage (VH) to the high supply voltage node. VH is programmable to one of multiple possible VH levels. Based on the voltage level of VH, the first variable voltage generator generates and applies a low supply voltage (VL) to the low supply voltage node and the second variable voltage generator generates and applies a gate bias voltage (VGB) to gates of some transistors. By tracking VH and adjusting VL and VGB based on thereon, the voltage level shifter operates within the SOA at high VHs, remains operable at low VHs, and maintains operating speed at mid-level VHs.

Abstract: A disclosed circuit structure includes a voltage level shifter connected to a variable voltage generator for receiving a low supply voltage and to a programmable voltage generator for receiving a high supply voltage that is higher than the low supply voltage. The high supply voltage is programmable to one of multiple different voltage levels. The variable voltage generator tracks the voltage level of the high supply voltage and outputs the low supply voltage based thereon. The high supply voltage is tracked either directly or using the trim bit signal employed by the programmable voltage generator to program the high supply voltage. The low supply voltage is high when the high supply voltage is high to ensure operation within the safe operating area and is low when the high supply voltage drops below some threshold level to ensure operability and, optionally, improve operating speed.

Abstract: Techniques for using more-specific routing to perform scalable Layer-2 (L2) stretching of subnets across hybrid-cloud environments. Routing tables in a public cloud may allow for routes that are more specific than the default local route, and the more-specific routes may be used to send all traffic to a dedicated, cloud router. The more-specific routes are set up for a VPC where a subnet resides such that the more specific-routes cover at least a portion of subnet range. The next hop for the more-specific routes point to the cloud router which is capable of doing host routing and segmentation extension. Thus, traffic originating from endpoints in a VPC is routed to the cloud router, and the cloud router determines whether the traffic is to be re-routed back to a destination endpoint in the VPC (or another cloud location), or sent to a destination endpoint residing in the on-premises site.

Abstract: Disclosed are a sense circuit and memory structure incorporating the sense circuit. The sense circuit is connected to voltage rails at VDD1 and VDD2, respectively, where VDD2˜½*VDD1. During a sensing operation, VDD1 provides power to develop a voltage differential between Vdata and Vref on sense nodes. A voltage comparator samples Vdata and Vref and, based on a detectable voltage differential (minVdiff), outputs a data output value. To increase the speed at which minVdiff is reached, an equalization process is performed at the initiation of the sensing operation and includes using pre-charge transistors to quickly equalize the sense nodes to VDD2. Following equalization, Vdata and Vref only need to be pulled up or down from VDD2. Thus, minVdiff is reached faster and sampling by the voltage comparator can be performed earlier in time, reducing the overall time required for performing the sensing operation and for powering the sense circuit.

Abstract: Techniques for using more-specific routing to perform scalable Layer-2 (L2) stretching of subnets across hybrid-cloud environments. Routing tables in a public cloud may allow for routes that are more specific than the default local route, and the more-specific routes may be used to send all traffic to a dedicated, cloud router. The more-specific routes are set up for a VPC where a subnet resides such that the more specific-routes cover at least a portion of subnet range. The next hop for the more-specific routes point to the cloud router which is capable of doing host routing and segmentation extension. Thus, traffic originating from endpoints in a VPC is routed to the cloud router, and the cloud router determines whether the traffic is to be re-routed back to a destination endpoint in the VPC (or another cloud location), or sent to a destination endpoint residing in the on-premises site.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide memory circuit, a sense amplifier and associated method for reading a resistive state in a memory device. The sense amplifier includes a bit cell configurable to a high or low resistance state; a sensing circuit that detects a voltage drop across the bit cell in response to an applied read current during a read operation and generates a high or low logic output at an output node; and a pulse generation circuit that increases the applied read current with an injected current pulse when a low to high transition of the resistive state of the bit cell is detected.

Abstract: Techniques for using more-specific routing to perform scalable Layer-2 (L2) stretching of subnets across hybrid-cloud environments. Routing tables in a public cloud may allow for routes that are more specific than the default local route, and the more-specific routes may be used to send all traffic to a dedicated, cloud router. The more-specific routes are set up for a VPC where a subnet resides such that the more specific-routes cover at least a portion of subnet range. The next hop for the more-specific routes point to the cloud router which is capable of doing host routing and segmentation extension. Thus, traffic originating from endpoints in a VPC is routed to the cloud router, and the cloud router determines whether the traffic is to be re-routed back to a destination endpoint in the VPC (or another cloud location), or sent to a destination endpoint residing in the on-premises site.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to a LDO regulator circuit and methods of manufacture. The structure includes a comparator connected to a first transistor of a low drop-out (LDO) circuit; a second transistor connected to the first transistor; and a feedback loop connected to the first transistor and an output of the LDO circuit.

Abstract: Techniques and architecture for routing data packets through networks that include TGWs. A data packet may be received from a TGW at an infra VPC. A TGW attachment on which the data packet was received is determined. Based at least in part on the TGW attachment, the data packet is routed to a CSR at the infra VPC. Load balancing may be achieved by defining VRF groups that include VPCs and the TGWs. Each VRF group may be assigned to an interface of one or more CSRs. Also, the VRF groups allow for supporting overlapping subnets.

Abstract: Techniques for maintaining virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) segregation for network paths through multi-cloud fabrics that utilize shared services, e.g., application load balancers. The router of a first network of a multi-cloud fabric receives a first data packet from a source end-point group within the first network and forwards the first data packet to a service end-point group. The service end-point group may forward the first data packet to a destination end-point group of a second network of the multi-cloud fabric. The service end-point group may receive a second data packet from the destination end-point group and forward the second data packet to the router. Based on one of (i) an identity of the service end-point group or (ii) an address of the source end-point group, a VRF may be identified and the second data packet may be forwarded by the router to the source end-point group using the VRF.

Abstract: Techniques for maintaining isolation and segregation for network paths through multi-cloud fabrics using VRF technologies. The techniques include running virtual routers in a cloud network that connect the cloud network to an on-premises network using a network overlay that preserves VRF information in data packets. Further, the virtual routers connect to individual gateways in the cloud network using tunnels, and each individual gateway is connected to multiple VPCs without overlapping subnets. The virtual routers may assign a sink VRF to each gateway connection that can be used to perform source-IP based VRF selection by mapping source IP addresses in each tunnel connection to appropriate VRFs for the source IP addresses. In this way, virtual routers may use sink VRFs to translate into the VRF information for data packets from the VPCs via source-IP based lookup, and use the corresponding VRF route table to determine next hops for data packets.

Abstract: Techniques for maintaining isolation and segregation for network paths through multi-cloud fabrics using VRF technologies. The techniques include running virtual routers in a cloud network that connect the cloud network to an on-premises network using a network overlay that preserves VRF information in data packets. Further, the virtual routers connect to individual gateways in the cloud network using tunnels, and each individual gateway is connected to multiple VPCs without overlapping subnets. The virtual routers may assign a sink VRF to each gateway connection that can be used to perform source-IP based VRF selection by mapping source IP addresses in each tunnel connection to appropriate VRFs for the source IP addresses. In this way, virtual routers may use sink VRFs to translate into the VRF information for data packets from the VPCs via source-IP based lookup, and use the corresponding VRF route table to determine next hops for data packets.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and computer-readable medium for preventing broadcast looping during a site merge are described herein. An example method can include detecting a site merge between a plurality of layer 2 (L2) networks using a spanning tree protocol (STP), blocking a data traffic port connecting the L2 networks in response to detecting the site merge, and performing an STP-Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) handshake. The STP-EVPN handshake can include changing a root bridge in one of the L2 networks. Thereafter, the method can include unblocking the data traffic port connecting the L2 networks. In other words, the data traffic port connecting the L2 networks can be unblocked after changing the root bridge in the one of the L2 networks.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and computer-readable medium for preventing broadcast looping during a site merge are described herein. An example method can include detecting a site merge between a plurality of layer 2 (L2) networks using a spanning tree protocol (STP), blocking a data traffic port connecting the L2 networks in response to detecting the site merge, and performing an STP-Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) handshake. The STP-EVPN handshake can include changing a root bridge in one of the L2 networks. Thereafter, the method can include unblocking the data traffic port connecting the L2 networks. In other words, the data traffic port connecting the L2 networks can be unblocked after changing the root bridge in the one of the L2 networks.