Abstract: Lubricity additives for hydrocarbon fuels are provided according to formula I: wherein n is 1 or 0; each Q is independently selected from oxygen and sulfur; each R is independently selected from C8-C60 alkenyl groups which are substituted or unsubstituted; and L is a linking group comprising 0-20 carbons which may be substituted or unsubstituted and may optionally comprise catenary heteroatoms. Fuel mixtures comprising a hydrocarbon fuel; and a lubricity additive according to the present disclosure are also provided. Methods of making lubricity additives comprise reacting an alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA's) with certain bisamides or bisthioamides.

Abstract: A method for monitoring machine operation for various machine speed and loads includes measuring vibration information at a sensor associated with a machine and an associated machine speed. The machine is a rotating machine. The method includes performing an operational frequency analysis of the vibration information and comparing results from the operational frequency analysis with a vibration signature for the machine. The vibration signature is for a machine speed that matches the machine speed of the measured vibration information. The vibration signature is one of several vibration signatures for the machine where each is for a different machine speed. The method includes identifying a potential failure mode based on a frequency range where the frequency analysis of the measured vibration information exceeds, by a threshold amount, the vibration signature of the plurality of vibration signatures that matches the machine speed, and transmitting an alert comprising the identified potential failure mode.

Abstract: A method includes sending a first safety instruction to a machine in response to, within an entry window of time, receiving an open alert that a movable barrier is in an open state, where the movable barrier is at an entry point of an enclosure protecting personnel from the machine, receiving tag information of a person from a reader at the movable barrier, and confirming that the tag information belongs to a person authorized to enter the enclosure. The method includes sending a second safety instruction to the machine in response to, within the entry window of time, receiving the open alert, and without receiving tag information or confirming that the tag information belongs to a person authorized to enter the enclosure. The first and second safety instructions are different and the first safety instruction is less restrictive than the second safety instruction in terms of actions to prevent injury.

Abstract: Described herein are treated polymers comprising a polyacrylamide homopolymer or a copolymer thereof having at least 30 mol % acrylamide residue content and a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1×105 g/mol to 1×108 g/mol, and 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of a C1-C6 alkyl ricinoleate based on the weight of the mixture of polymer and alkyl ricinoleate. The polymers are in powder form and include less than about 30 wt % water based on the powder weight. The treated polymer powders dissolve rapidly in water and develop very little or even no insoluble gel upon diluting with water, even when the water is produced water or connate. The treated polymer solutions are useful for in-the-field rapid dilution for applications such as papermaking, flocculation, beneficiation, wastewater treatment, and enhanced oil recovery.

Abstract: A method for predicting end-of-life for a component includes determining a baseline lifetime model for a component connected to a machine functional safety system. The component is part of a system with physical devices. The method includes monitoring environmental conditions and usage conditions of the component and modifying the baseline lifetime model based on the monitored environmental and usage conditions to produce a modified lifetime model for the component. The method includes tracking a lifetime progress of the component with respect to the modified lifetime model and sending an alert in response to lifetime progress of the component reaching a lifetime threshold associated with the modified lifetime model.

Abstract: Lubricity additives for hydrocarbon fuels are provided according to formula I: wherein n is 1 or 0; each Q is independently selected from oxygen and sulfur; each R is independently selected from C8-C60 alkenyl groups which are substituted or unsubstituted; and L is a linking group comprising 0-20 carbons which may be substituted or unsubstituted and may optionally comprise catenary heteroatoms. Fuel mixtures comprising a hydrocarbon fuel; and a lubricity additive according to the present disclosure are also provided. Methods of making lubricity additives comprise reacting an alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA's) with certain bisamides or bisthioamides.

Abstract: A method for derivation of a machine signature includes receiving sensor information from a primary sensor, where the primary sensor is positioned to receive information from a portion of an industrial operation, and receiving sensor information from one or more secondary sensors. The secondary sensors are arranged to provide additional information about the industrial operation indicative of current operating conditions of the industrial operation. The method includes using the sensor information from the secondary sensors and machine learning to determine if the portion of the industrial operation is operating in a normal condition and, in response to determining that the portion of the industrial operation is operating normally, using sensor information from the primary sensor during the normal operating condition to derive a primary sensor signature for the sensor information from the primary sensor.

Abstract: Lubricity additives for hydrocarbon fuels are provided according to formula I: wherein n is 1 or 0; each Q is independently selected from oxygen and sulfur; each R is independently selected from C8-C60 alkenyl groups which are substituted or unsubstituted; and L is a linking group comprising 0-20 carbons which may be substituted or unsubstituted and may optionally comprise catenary heteroatoms. Fuel mixtures comprising a hydrocarbon fuel; and a lubricity additive according to the present disclosure are also provided. Methods of making lubricity additives comprise reacting an alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA's) with certain bisamides or bisthioamides.

Abstract: 2-substituted benzimidazoles and methods of preparing the same are disclosed. The compositions may include a compound or salt thereof, a strong acid, and a carboxylic acid. The compositions may exclude a polar aprotic solvent. The compositions may be used to inhibit corrosion of a metal surface in contact with an aqueous system, and provide enhanced protection against corrosion of metals in the aqueous system.

Abstract: A method includes sending a first safety instruction to a machine in response to, within an entry window of time, receiving an open alert that a movable barrier is in an open state, where the movable barrier is at an entry point of an enclosure protecting personnel from the machine, receiving tag information of a person from a reader at the movable barrier, and confirming that the tag information belongs to a person authorized to enter the enclosure. The method includes sending a second safety instruction to the machine in response to, within the entry window of time, receiving the open alert, and without receiving tag information or confirming that the tag information belongs to a person authorized to enter the enclosure. The first and second safety instructions are different and the first safety instruction is less restrictive than the second safety instruction in terms of actions to prevent injury.

Abstract: A component includes a housing mounted at an entry point of an enclosure protecting a machine. The component includes a first RFID sensor, in the housing, that reads a first RFID tag in close proximity to the first RFID sensor indicating a closed status of a movable barrier of the enclosure at the entry point. Opening of the movable barrier allows entry to the enclosure. The component includes a second RFID sensor, in the housing, that reads a second RFID tag of an authorized person. The component includes a barrier access module that sends an open alert that the movable barrier is in an open state in response to the first RFID sensor not being close enough to read the first RFID tag, and an identification module that sends tag information unique to a person from the second RFID tag.

Abstract: An expansion module for an industrial controller is configured to perform independent local processing of its input signals and to independently generate control outputs in parallel with the primary control program executed by the industrial controller. This can reduce or eliminate response latency for time-critical processes that would otherwise be present if all monitoring and control were performed by the industrial controller alone. This approach can be beneficial for configurations in which the industrial devices that are monitored and controlled via the expansion module require fast response times, as in the case of industrial safety applications.

Abstract: A method for derivation of a machine signature includes receiving sensor information from a primary sensor, where the primary sensor is positioned to receive information from a portion of an industrial operation, and receiving sensor information from one or more secondary sensors. The secondary sensors are arranged to provide additional information about the industrial operation indicative of current operating conditions of the industrial operation. The method includes using the sensor information from the secondary sensors and machine learning to determine if the portion of the industrial operation is operating in a normal condition and, in response to determining that the portion of the industrial operation is operating normally, using sensor information from the primary sensor during the normal operating condition to derive a primary sensor signature for the sensor information from the primary sensor.

Abstract: A component includes a housing mounted at an entry point of an enclosure protecting a machine. The component includes a first RFID sensor, in the housing, that reads a first RFID tag in close proximity to the first RFID sensor indicating a closed status of a movable barrier of the enclosure at the entry point. Opening of the movable barrier allows entry to the enclosure. The component includes a second RFID sensor, in the housing, that reads a second RFID tag of an authorized person. The component includes a barrier access module that sends an open alert that the movable barrier is in an open state in response to the first RFID sensor not being close enough to read the first RFID tag, and an identification module that sends tag information unique to a person from the second RFID tag.

Abstract: A method for using sensor data and operational data of an industrial process to identify problems includes gathering sensor data from one or more sensors sensing conditions on equipment of an industrial process, receiving command information about operational commands issued to the equipment of the industrial process, and for each sensor of the one or more sensors, comparing the sensor data with signature information for the sensor. The signature information for the sensor is relevant for operational commands issued to the equipment. The method includes determining if the sensor data of a sensor of the one or more sensors exceeds the signature information corresponding to the sensor, locating a problem with a piece of equipment of the industrial process monitored by the sensor of the one or more sensors based on the sensor data exceeding the signature information for the sensor and issuing an alert reporting the problem.

Abstract: Described are graphite-containing electrodes comprising zirconium-based coatings, which slow the loss of material from the electrodes when used at high temperatures, for example when used in arc furnaces between 1000 and 2000° C. The zirconium-based coating may be disposed on a graphite-containing surface of the electrode, or on a pre-coating disposed on a surface of the electrode. The zirconium-based coatings include one or more zirconium compounds such as zirconia. Also described are compositions and methods to coat graphite-containing electrodes with zirconium-based coating compositions.

Abstract: Systems (100, 200 and 300) and methods (400, 500 and 600) for controlling exhaust gas emissions from naturally aspirated engine are disclosed. The system (100, 200 and 300) includes an open loop exhaust gas recirculation flow to the engine. The system (100, 200 and 300) includes a diesel oxidation catalyst (102, 202 and 302) mounted on or near exhaust manifold (106, 206 and 306) of the engine. Furthermore, the system (100 and 200) includes an exhaust gas mixing conduit (114 and 214) inserted into air intake conduit (104 and 204). The system (100, 200 and 300) further includes an exhaust gas recirculation valve (110, 210 and 310) mounted on cold side or a hot side of EGR cooler. Furthermore, the system (100, 210 and 310) includes an electronic control unit to control exhaust gas recirculation valve (110, 210 and 310) along with various other engine calibration parameters.

Abstract: A method for predicting end-of-life for a component includes determining a baseline lifetime model for a component connected to a machine functional safety system. The component is part of a system with physical devices. The method includes monitoring environmental conditions and usage conditions of the component and modifying the baseline lifetime model based on the monitored environmental and usage conditions to produce a modified lifetime model for the component. The method includes tracking a lifetime progress of the component with respect to the modified lifetime model and sending an alert in response to lifetime progress of the component reaching a lifetime threshold associated with the modified lifetime model.

Abstract: A method for monitoring machine operation for various machine speed and loads includes measuring vibration information at a sensor associated with a machine and an associated machine speed. The machine is a rotating machine. The method includes performing an operational frequency analysis of the vibration information and comparing results from the operational frequency analysis with a vibration signature for the machine. The vibration signature is for a machine speed that matches the machine speed of the measured vibration information. The vibration signature is one of several vibration signatures for the machine where each is for a different machine speed. The method includes identifying a potential failure mode based on a frequency range where the frequency analysis of the measured vibration information exceeds, by a threshold amount, the vibration signature of the plurality of vibration signatures that matches the machine speed, and transmitting an alert comprising the identified potential failure mode.

Abstract: A method for risk assessment violation monitoring during a functional safety process includes receiving parameters from a risk assessment of a portion of a system with physical devices. The parameters of the risk assessment are applicable to a safety device of a machine safety system. The safety device is configured to prevent a hazardous condition in the system. The method includes detecting a change of a condition of the safety device. The condition is indicative of a potential safety issue affecting operation of the machine safety system. The method includes comparing parameters related to the change of the condition of the safety device with the parameters from the risk assessment and sending an alert in response to determining that the change of the condition of the safety device results in a violation of the risk assessment.