Abstract: Film-forming compositions which are substantially free of organic solvent and capable of forming a generally continuous film at ambient temperature are provided. The film-forming composition includes at least one thermosettable aqueous dispersion of polymeric microparticles having functionality adapted to react with a crosslinking agent. The polymeric microparticles are prepared by mixing under high shear conditions (1) at least one hydrophobic polymer having reactive functional groups; and (2) at least one hydrophobic crosslinking agent containing functional groups which are reactive with the functional groups of the polymer. Further provided is a multi-component composite coating composition which includes a pigmented base coat and a transparent topcoat of the substantially organic solvent-free film-forming composition described above. Substrates coated with the same are also provided. Additionally, a method for preparing the aqueous dispersion of polymeric microparticles is provided.

Abstract: A copolymer having utility in coating compositions comprises the addition polymerization product of an alpha-olefin monocarboxylic acid having at least 8 carbon atoms (articularly undecylenic acid) and a mono- or di-ester of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride (e.g., dialkyl maleate). The copolymer may be provided with hydroxy functionality by reacting the carboxylic acid functionality with an epoxy compound to permit use in curable coatings. Alternatively the copolymer may be base neutralized to serve as a surfactant in aqueous dispersion polymerization.

Abstract: A two-component thermosetting coating composition is disclosed wherein the binder components comprise: (a) an amino component comprising an aqueous solution and/or dispersion of at least one polyacrylate containing amino groups in a quantity sufficient to make said polyacrylate soluble and/or dispersible in water; and (b) a polyisocyanate component containing free isocyanate groups. Also disclosed is the method of emulsifying component (b) into component (a).

Abstract: A copolymer having utility in coating compositions comprises the addition polymerization product of an alpha-olefin monocarboxylic acid having at least 8 carbon atoms (particularly undecylenic acid) and a mono- or di-ester of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride (e.g., dialkyl maleat). The copolymer may be provided with hydroxy functionality by reacting the carboxylic acid functionality with an epoxy compound to permit use in curable coatings. Alternatively the copolymer may be base neutralized to serve as a surfactant in aqueous dispersion polymerization.

Abstract: A stable aqueous dispersion containing cellulose ester, the dispersion being polymeric microparticles comprised of cellulose ester and a polymer formed from at least two different vinyl monomers of which at least one vinyl monomer is polyethylenically unsaturated. The dispersion of microparticles is formed by a high stress technique prior to polymerization of the vinyl monomers in the presence of the cellulose ester. Typically the dispersion also contains surfactant. A method of making the stable, cellulose ester-containing aqueous dispersion by (a) mixing together a cellulose ester, at least two vinyl monomers of which at least one vinyl monomer is polyethylenically unsaturated, surfactant, and water to form an emulsion; (b) particulating the emulsified mixture of (a) into microparticles by a high stress technique; and (c) copolymerizing the vinyl monomers in the cellulose ester-containing particulated emulsion of (b) to form a crosslinked polymer within the microparticles of the dispersion.

Abstract: An amphoteric, hair fixative polymer for use in hair sprays, gels, and the like contains 40-90 percent of a hydroxyl-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, 1-20 percent of an acid-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and 1-20 percent of an amine-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The polymer has hydroxyl, acid and amine functionalities and, while being insoluble in water, can be solubilized in water by the use of amine neutralizers, acidic neutralizers, or by solubilizing in alcohol-water mixtures. The polymers provide hair fixatives that are fast drying, and have excellent curl retention with low curl droop.

Abstract: A curable, film-forming composition is provided which includes: (a) a hydroxyl-containing acrylic solution polymer, and (b) a polyisocyanate crosslinking agent. The hydroxyl-containing acrylic solution polymer is present in an amount ranging from between about 60 to about 90 weight percent; and, the polyisocyanate crosslinking agent is present in an amount ranging from between about 10 to about 40 weight percent. The acrylic solution polymer is the reaction product of: (a) a cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic ester of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 6 carbon atoms in the cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic group, and (b) a hydroxyl functional acrylic monomer component. The hydroxyl functional acrylic monomer component is present in an amount such that the hydroxyl number of the resulting acrylic solution polymer is less than 60. This invention also provides a color-plus-clear coating system.

Abstract: Describes a composition for producing durable coatings and a process for preparing a single-layer broad band antireflective coating on solid substrates, such as glass, ceramics, metals, and organic polymeric materials. The coating composition comprises, in combination, acid catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation products of water-silane monomer mixture and a film forming amount of a polymer having functional groups selected from amino, hydroxy and carboxy, hydroxy and amino, amino and carboxy, and amino, hydroxy and carboxy. The described process comprises applying the aforesaid coating composition (or an acid catalyzed sol-gel coating composition) substantially free of preformed oxide sol and water soluble metal salt to the surface of a solid substrate, curing the applied coating, and treating the cured coating with an aqueous electrolyte solution for a time sufficient to produce a coating having graded porosity which is antireflective over a broad band of the visible spectrum.

Abstract: A waterborne coating composition contains a base neutralized, stable, aqueous dispersion of a hydroxyl functional acrylic polymer containing less than 1 percent acid, having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 4500 and having an acid value of at least about 1.5 and no greater than about 10 is prepared from a vinyl monomer component containing at least about 50 percent 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and at least one other comonomer. The proportion of each monomer is selected so that the resultant polymer forms stable dispersion in water without externally added surfactant. The coating composition also contains a crosslinking agent adapted to react with the hydroxyl groups of the acrylic polymer.

Abstract: A two-component coating composition is disclosed wherein the binder components comprise: (a) an amino component comprising an aqueous solution and/or dispersion of at least one polyacrylate containing amino groups in a quantity sufficient to make said polyacrylate soluble and/or dispersible in water upon neutralization with acid; and (b) a polyisocyanate component containing free isocyanate groups. Also disclosed is the method of emulsifying component (b) into component (a).

Abstract: Disclosed are aqueous, single-package or two-package coating compositions having pH above 7.0 that contain as the binder a polyurea which is the product of a polyisocyanate and an anionic amino polymer synthesized in water from olefinically unsaturated monomers including primary or secondary amine containing monomers, the monomers being substantially free of acid groups. The polymerization of the amino polymer is carried out in the presence of an azo initiator dispersed in water by neutralization of acid groups present on the initiator.

Abstract: Acid etch resistant coating compositions and their use as clear coats in color-plus-clear composite coatings is disclosed. The compositions comprise acrylic polymers prepared with high levels of cycloaliphatic or aromatic ester of (meth)acrylic acid and hydroxypropyl- or hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylates and aminoplast crosslinking agents.

Abstract: Describes a composition for producing durable coatings and a process for preparing a single-layer broad band antireflective coating on solid substrates, such as glass, ceramics, metals, and organic polymeric materials. The coating composition comprises, in combination, acid catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation products of water-silane monomer mixture and a film forming amount of a polymer having functional groups selected from amino, hydroxy and carboxy, hydroxy and amino, amino and carboxy, and amino, hydroxy and carboxy. The described process comprises applying the aforesaid coating composition (or an acid catalyzed sol-gel coating composition) substantially free of preformed oxide sol and water soluble metal salt to the surface of a solid substrate, curing the applied coating, and treating the cured coating with an aqueous electrolyte solution for a time sufficient to produce a coating having graded porosity which is antireflective over a broad band of the visible spectrum.

Abstract: An organic colloidal dispersion of polar polymeric microparticles synthesized directly in a non-aqueous polar medium is disclosed. The dispersion is particularly useful for controlling rheological properties such as sag and metallic flake orientation in coating compositions.

Abstract: A stable, aqueous fluorocopolymer dispersion prepared by aqueous dispersion polymerization of a) a dispersed phase containing a fluoroolefin monomer component and a vinyl ether monomer component in the presence of b) a base neutralized, stable aqueous dispersion of a polymeric dispersant having an acid value of at least 1.5 mg KOH/gram not exceeding about 35 mg KOH/gram and the amount of neutralizing base does not exceed about 10 percent based on resin solids of the dispersant. The acid value is adapted to provide a stable dispersion of the fluorocopolymer in water without externally added surfactant.Thermoplastic and thermosetting coating compositions can be prepared from these aqueous fluorocopolymer dispersions.

Abstract: Acid etch resistant coating compositions and their use as clear coats in color-plus-clear composite coatings is disclosed. The compositions comprise acrylic polymers prepared with high levels of cycloaliphatic ester of (meth)acrylic acid and hydroxypropyl- or hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylates and aminoplast crosslinking agents.

Abstract: A base neutralized, stable, aqueous dispersion of a hydroxyl functional acrylic polymer containing less than 1 percent acid, having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 4500 and having an acid value of at least about 1.5 and no greater than about 10; is prepared from a vinyl monomer component containing at least about 50 percent 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and at least one other comonomer. The proportion of each monomer is selected so that the resultant polymer forms stable dispersion in water without externally added surfactant. The hydroxyl functional acrylic polymer is especially advantageous in the formulation of waterborne coating compositions which are capable of crosslinking with aminoplast and polyisocyanate curing agents to form a cured film. Furthermore, the hydroxyl functional acrylic polymer is useful as a surfactant in the preparation of dispersion polymers by dispersion polymerization.

Abstract: Crosslinked polymeric microparticles obtained by polymerization of a mixture of polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers being substantially free of monomers containing polar groups are disclosed. At least one of said monomers is a polyethylenically unsaturated crosslinking monomer free of oxyethylene groups and is present in amounts of 10 to 90 percent by weight based on total weight of said polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The crosslinked polymeric microparticles are prepared by aqueous emulsion polymerization techniques in the absence of polyester emulsifier. The microparticles are separated from the aqueous polymerization medium and converted into organic medium by azeotropic distillation. The microparticles are useful in organic solvent-based high solids coating compositions and can be used in color coats, clear coats or composite color-clear coatings where the crosslinked polymeric microparticles can be contained in the color coat and/or in the clear coat.

Abstract: A stable emulsion polymer is prepared by the emulsion polymerization of a vinyl monomer component in the presence of a base neutralized copolymer having a peak molecular weight not exceeding 50,000 of an olefinically unsaturated material selected from the group consisting of 1-decene, 1-dodecene, undecenylic acid and mixtures thereof and an ethylenically unsaturated anhydride containing material. The emulsion polymer is particularly useful for preparing coating compositions which have excellent physical properties.

Abstract: Hydroxyl-containing polymers prepared by reaction of a polymerizable alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and an epoxy compound containing greater than 5 carbon atoms are disclosed. The polymer is prepared by free radical organic solution polymerization techniques. Synthesis of the polymers by this technique assures multiple hydroxyl functionality in all polymer chains thereby providing good cure response. The polymers are useful as binders in high solids coating compositions. When used with appropriate curing agents, the resultant coatings have good hardness, high gloss and distinctness of image, have good solvent and humidity resistance and are very resistant to acid etching.