Abstract: Systems and methods are provided or use with a light source which generates a light beam. These systems may include a detector which detects light beam information and which determines whether multiple modes are present in the light beam so that the light source may be adjusted. These systems may further include a beam splitting device, such as an optical wedge, to provide two sample beams that intersect to provide a fringe pattern. The detector may then detect this fringe pattern and compute a visibility value that may be used to determine whether multiple modes are present.

Abstract: A surface plasmon resonance sensor includes a conducting grating having an effective periodicity that varies with an azimuthal angle of a light ray incident on the conducting grating, thereby varying a surface plasmon resonance condition.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems and methods are provided for a tunable laser device. The tunable laser device may include a diffraction grating connected to a pivot arm that pivots the diffraction grating about a pivot point to tune the laser device. In pivoting the diffraction grating about the pivot point, both the wavelength to which the diffraction grating is tuned and the length of the optical cavity may be changed. The length of the pivot arm may be selected to reduce the number of mode hops of the tunable laser device when tuning the laser device over its tuning range.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems and methods are provided for a tunable laser device. The tunable laser device may include a tunable Bragg reflector that allows its wavelength to be tuned via temperature and/or pressure. This Bragg reflector may include holographic material in which a Bragg grating may be formed comprising parallel fringes of alternating index of refractions. Temperature and/or pressure changes may be effected in the Bragg reflector by, for example, a thermoelectric cooler and/or piezo transducer.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an optical encoder includes a light source, a detector array and a code member. The detector array is positioned in spaced-apart relation to the light source and includes at least one detector set. Each of the at least one detector sets includes a plurality of detector elements. The code member 1) is positioned between the light source and the detector array, 2) is moveable with respect to the detector array along a displacement direction, and 3) defines a plurality of circular or elliptical openings through which light emitted by the light source is filtered to produce light spots that travel across the detector array as the code member moves with respect to the detector array. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an optical encoder includes a code member, a light source, and a detector array. The code member has a plurality of reflectors thereon; and the light source is positioned to illuminate an area of the code member that includes at least one of the reflectors. The detector array includes at least one detector set, each of which includes a plurality of detector elements. The code member and the detector array are moveable with respect to one another along a displacement direction, and as the code member moves with respect to the detector array, the reflectors on the code member reflect light emitted by the light source to produce circular or elliptical light spots that travel across the detector array.

Abstract: Tracking separation between an object and a surface involves illuminating the surface and reducing the collection angle of light that reflects off of the surface in response to a change in separation between the object and the surface. Reducing the collection angle of light that reflects off of the surface causes the amount of light that is detected to be dependent on the separation distance between the object and the surface. The amount of detected light is then used as an indication of the separation distance.

Abstract: A detection system. The detection system includes a substrate, a laser, and a sensor array. The substrate includes a first surface, a second surface conceptually divided into multiple areas, and a third surface. The laser is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation into the substrate and incident subsequently onto second surface areas. The sensor array is configured to capture electromagnetic radiation reflected from the second surface. If a first dielectric, having first dielectric constant, is in contact with some areas, electromagnetic radiation incident thereon experiences total internal reflection and if a second dielectric having second dielectric constant is in contact with other areas, some of the electromagnetic radiation incident thereon is reflected back into the substrate by the second dielectric.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element is positioned in an optical path between a coherent light source and a surface. The diffractive optical element is designed to disperse the light across one or more spots on the surface in a manner designed to create speckle patterns having substantially uniform intensities.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided or use with a light source which generates a light beam. These systems may include a detector which detects light beam information and which determines whether multiple modes are present in the light beam so that the light source may be adjusted. These systems may further include a beam splitting device, such as an optical wedge, to provide two sample beams that intersect to provide a fringe pattern. The detector may then detect this fringe pattern and compute a visibility value that may be used to determine whether multiple modes are present.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided or use with a light source which generates a light beam. These systems may include a detector which detects light beam information regarding a light beam exiting an etalon. The system then uses the detected information to determine whether multiple modes are present in the light beam so that the light source may be adjusted to return the light source to single mode operation.

Abstract: A digital image capture and processing system, comprising a lens coupled to a lens control element is disclosed. The image capture system includes an image sensor configured to capture images from the lens, and a memory element and a processor coupled to the lens control element. The memory element includes image capture software, where the image capture software causes the lens and the image sensor to capture at least two images, each of the at least two images captured using a varying parameter and stored as a single file where the at least two images are combined to form a new image having at least one characteristic different from corresponding characteristics of the at least two images.

Abstract: Two or more spatial filters are used in determining velocity based on speckle translation. A light source may be turned on, turned off, or both for a variable amount of time during operation. The velocity may then be determined with trend identification, correlation, recursive frequency estimation, or measurement bandwidth variation. A confidence level may also be calculated for the measured velocity, and the measured velocity reported or used only when the calculated confidence level meets or exceeds a given value.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element is positioned in an optical path between a coherent light source and a surface. The diffractive optical element is designed to disperse the light across one or more spots on the surface in a manner designed to create speckle patterns having substantially uniform intensities.

Abstract: Tracking separation between an object and a surface involves illuminating the surface and reducing the collection angle of light that reflects off of the surface in response to a change in separation between the object and the surface. Reducing the collection angle of light that reflects off of the surface causes the amount of light that is detected to be dependent on the separation distance between the object and the surface. The amount of detected light is then used as an indication of the separation distance.

Abstract: A technique for changing the cross-sectional profile of a beam of light from, for example, circular or elliptical to thin involves dividing the beam of light into cross-sectional portions, rotating the cross-sectional portions, and then concatenating the rotated cross-sectional portions to form a thin beam. The resulting thin beam has a long dimension that is formed by the concatenation of the cross-sectional portions of the original beam. A device for changing the cross-sectional profile of a beam of light may be fabricated with silicon optical bench technologies or other molding technologies. The device includes facets that divide a beam of light into cross-sectional portions, rotate the cross-sectional portions, and then concatenate the rotated cross-sectional portions to form a thin beam.

Abstract: A technique for changing the cross-sectional profile of a beam of light from, for example, circular or elliptical to thin involves dividing the beam of light into cross-sectional portions, rotating the cross-sectional portions, and then concatenating the rotated cross-sectional portions to form a thin beam. The resulting thin beam has a long dimension that is formed by the concatenation of the cross-sectional portions of the original beam. A device for changing the cross-sectional profile of a beam of light may be fabricated with silicon optical bench technologies or other molding technologies. The device includes facets that divide a beam of light into cross-sectional portions, rotate the cross-sectional portions, and then concatenate the rotated cross-sectional portions to form a thin beam.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adjusting optical path length of an optical path are provided. The systems and methods can be used to controllably adjust optical path length in an external cavity laser. A representative optical path having a first end and a second end comprises a first transparent refractive element located in the optical path between the first end and the second end. The transparent refractive element is adjustable to adjust the optical path length of the optical path without changing the physical distance between the first end and the second end. A representative method includes introducing a transparent refractive element into the optical path and adjusting the transparent refractive element to change the optical path length without changing the physical distance between the first end and the second end of the optical path.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adjusting optical path length of an optical path are provided. The systems and methods can be used to controllably adjust optical path length in an external cavity laser. A representative optical path having a first end and a second end comprises a first transparent refractive element located in the optical path between the first end and the second end. The transparent refractive element is adjustable to adjust the optical path length of the optical path without changing the physical distance between the first end and the second end. A representative method includes introducing a transparent refractive element into the optical path and adjusting the transparent refractive element to change the optical path length without changing the physical distance between the first end and the second end of the optical path.

Abstract: A digital image capture and processing system, comprising a lens coupled to a lens control element is disclosed. The image capture system includes an image sensor configured to capture images from the lens, and a memory element and a processor coupled to the lens control element. The memory element includes image capture software, where the image capture software causes the lens and the image sensor to capture at least two images, each of the at least two images captured using a varying parameter and stored as a single file where the at least two images are combined to form a new image having at least one characteristic different from corresponding characteristics of the at least two images.