Abstract: An apparatus for generating composite ice includes a water inlet system that receives water; a water treatment that operates on water delivered from the water inlet system, to provide treated water; a cooling system that operates on the treated water to generate ice; and an ice delivery system that outputs the generated ice. The water treatment system introduces a material that includes hollow particles to the water delivered from the water inlet system, the material being selected such that the generated ice, including light scattering centers created by the presence of the material, has an albedo greater than 0.15.

Abstract: A method for generating composite ice includes forming a first layer of ice, depositing a layer of a material that includes hollow particles on a surface of the first layer of ice, and forming a second layer of ice overlying the first layer of ice to create the composite ice. The composite ice, having light scattering centers created by the presence of the deposited material, has an albedo greater than 0.15.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to methods and apparatuses for generating ice. In one embodiment, at a generation location, a material is introduced to water, and the temperature of the combination of the water and the material is lowered until ice forms; then at a target location, the formed ice is deployed on a top surface of a body of water, or of a pre-existing body of ice, or of ground. The formed ice has an albedo greater than or equal to 0.15. The formed ice contains light scattering centers created by the introduced material. The material comprises hollow particles.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to apparatuses for generating composite ice. In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a water inlet system configured to receive water; a water treatment system configured to operate on water delivered from the water inlet system; a cooling system configured to operate on the treated water delivered from the water treatment system to generate ice; and an ice delivery system configured to output the generated ice. The water treatment system introduces a material to the water delivered from the water inlet system, the material being selected such that the subsequently generated ice has an albedo greater than 0.15.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to methods for generating composite ice. In one embodiment, the method comprises forming a first layer of ice, depositing a layer of a material on a surface of the first layer of ice; and forming a second layer of ice overlying the first layer of ice to create the composite ice. The composite ice has an albedo greater than 0.15.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to methods and apparatuses for generating ice. In one embodiment, at a generation location, a material is introduced to water, and the temperature of the combination of the water and the material is lowered until ice forms; then at a target location, the formed ice is deployed on a top surface of a body of water, or of a pre-existing body of ice, or of ground. The formed ice has an albedo greater than or equal to 0.15. The formed ice contains light scattering centers created by the introduced material. The material comprises hollow particles.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to methods and apparatuses for generating ice. In one embodiment, a material is introduced to water, and the temperature of the combination of the water and the material is lowered until ice forms, the formed ice having a higher albedo than it would have had if the step of lowering the temperature had been carried out on the water without first carrying out the step of introducing the material. In one embodiment, the material is selected such that an aqueous solution of the material is alkaline. In another embodiment, a material is introduced to water, and the temperature of the combination of the water and the material is lowered until ice forms, the ice forming at a faster rate than the rate at which it would have formed if the material had not been introduced to the water.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to methods and apparatuses for generating ice. In one embodiment, a material is introduced to water, and the temperature of the combination of the water and the material is lowered until ice forms, the formed ice having a higher albedo than it would have had if the step of lowering the temperature had been carried out on the water without first carrying out the step of introducing the material. In one embodiment, the material is selected such that an aqueous solution of the material is alkaline. In another embodiment, a material is introduced to water, and the temperature of the combination of the water and the material is lowered until ice forms, the ice forming at a faster rate than the rate at which it would have formed if the material had not been introduced to the water.