Abstract: This invention relates to a novel zirconium silicate compound which has the formula M.sub.x Si.sub.y Zr.sub.z O.sub.w where M is an ammonium ion, a hydronium ion, an alkali metal or mixtures thereof and x, y, z and w are the mole fractions of M, silicon, zirconium and oxygen respectively. The composition is characterized in that it has a unique x-ray powder diffraction pattern, has a surface area from about 80 to about 400 and has a layered structure. These compositions are prepared by hydrothermal crystallization of a reaction mixture containing reactive sources of the alkali metal, silicon, zirconium and water. Finally, these compositions may be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion processes, e.g., hydrocracking, cracking, alkylation, etc., using a silicon enhanced amorphous silica-alumina (SEASAL) composition. The composition is characterized in that from about 3 to about 22 mole percent of the aluminum atoms in a host amorphous silica-alumina have been replaced by silicon atoms. Additionally, the SEASAL contains from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent fluoride and has a cracking activity of at least 30%. The SEASAL is prepared by reacting a host amorphous silica-alumina with a fluorosilicate salt, thereby removing aluminum atoms and inserting silicon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to a silicon enhanced amorphous silica-alumina (SEASAL) composition. The composition is characterized in that from about 3 to about 22 mole percent of the aluminum atoms in a host amorphous silica-alumina have been replaced by silicon atoms. Additionally, the SEASAL contains from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent fluoride and has a cracking activity of at least 30%. The SEASAL is prepared by reacting a host amorphous silica-alumina with a fluorosilicate salt, thereby removing aluminum atoms and inserting silicon atoms. The SEASAL compositions have uses in hydrocarbon conversion processes such as hydrocracking, cracking and alkylation.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are reduced in molecular weight in a conversion process wherein they are contacted with a solid catalyst comprising (i) a pillared clay and (ii) an alumina, such as gamma alumina, which has been isomorphously substituted with silicon. The treated alumina will have a silicon to fluorine mole ratio of about 1.0:1.0 to about 50.0:1.0. The process may comprise the fluidized catalytic cracking of cycle oils. For use in hydrocracking, the catalyst contains a metal hydrogenation component and possibly one or more other inorganic oxides such as silica-alumina. Other non-zeolitic materials such as silica-alumina may also be composited into the catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel silicon enhanced aluminas (SEAL), processes to prepare them, and hydrocarbon conversion processes using the SEALs. The SEAL compositions have a bulk empirical formula of Al.sub.2-x Si.sub.x O.sub.3 F.sub.x where x varies from about 0.01 to about 0.5. This SEAL material has a three-dimensional pore structure with the pores having diameters in the range of about 20 to about 300.ANG., a crystal structure characteristic of alumina, and where the surface of the SEAL has a higher silicon concentration than the interior of the SEAL. The SEAL is prepared by contacting an alumina with a fluorosilicate salt. This SEAL can be calcined to give a calcined seal with a formula Al.sub.2-x Si.sub.x O.sub.3 F.sub.y where x is as defined above and y varies from 0.01 to x. The calcined SEAL contains both strong and weak acid sites. These SEAL compositions are particularly useful in hydrocracking, cracking and alkylation processes.

Abstract: This invention presents a novel catalyst formulation for the isomerization of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst is comprised of at least one Group VII metal, and a pentasil zeolite having an x-ray diffraction characteristic of ZSM-12 wherein a portion of the aluminum atoms have been replaced with gallium atoms. When utilized in a process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes containing ethylbenzene, a greater yield of para-xylene is obtained compared to prior-art processes.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are reduced in molecular weight in a conversion process wherein they are contacted with a non-zeolitic solid catalyst comprising an alumina, such as gamma alumina, which has been isomorphously substituted with silicon. The treated alumina will have a fluorine to silicon mole ratio of about 0.8:1 to about 1.3:1. For use in hydrocracking, the catalyst contains a metal hydrogenation component and possibly one or more other inorganic oxides such as silica-alumina. Other non-zeolitic materials such as delaminated clay or silica-alumina may also be composited into the catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel silicon enhanced aluminas (SEAL) and processes to prepare them. The SEAL compositions have a bulk empirical formula of Al.sub.2-x Si.sub.x O.sub.3 F.sub.x where x varies from about 0.01 to about 0.5. This SEAL material has a three-dimensional pore structure with the pores having diameters in the range of about 20 to about 300 .ANG., a crystal structure characteristic of alumina, and where the surface of the SEAL has a higher silicon concentration than the interior of the SEAL. The SEAL is prepared by contacting an alumina with a fluorosilicate salt. This SEAL can be calcined to give a calcined seal with a formula Al.sub.2-x Si.sub.x O.sub.3 F.sub.y where x is as defined above and y varies from 0.01 to x. The calcined SEAL contains both strong and weak acid sites. These SEAL compositions are useful as hydrocracking catalysts.

Abstract: This invention presents a novel catalyst formulation for the isomerization of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst is comprised of at least one Group VIII metal, and a pentasil zeolite having an x-ray diffraction characteristic of ZSM-12 wherein a portion of the aluminum atoms have been replaced with gallium atoms. When utilized in a process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes containing ethylbenzene, a greater yield of paraxylene is obtained compared to prior-art processes.

Abstract: This invention presents a novel catalyst formulation for the isomerization of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises at least one Group VIII metal, a pentasil zeolite wherein a portion of the aluminum atom has been replaced with gallium atoms and a matrix material of zirconia-alumina. When utilized in a process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes containing ethylbenzene, a greater yield of para-xylene is obtained compared to prior art processes.

Abstract: This invention presents a process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes containing ethylbenzene, using a novel catalyst formulation comprising at least one Group VIII metal, a gallium-substituted pentasil zeolite and a matrix material of zirconia-alumina.

Abstract: A novel dehydrocyclization process for the conversion of C.sub.6 -plus paraffins to their corresponding aromatics is presented. This process is characterized by a unique catalytic composite which contains a nonacidic L-zeolite, a Group VIII metal component and sufficient surface-deposited alkali metal to provide a surface-deposited alkali metal index of from about 40 to about 500. A further characterization is that the catalyst is prepared without subjecting the L-zeolite to a solution having a pH of greater than 9, and without appreciable loss of SiO.sub.2 from the L-zeolite.

Abstract: A novel catalytic composite, a method of making the composite, and use of the composite is disclosed. The novel catalyst comprises a nonacidic zeolite bound within a support matrix. Additionally, the catalyst comprises catalytically effective amounts of a Group VIII metal component. There is also present within the catalyst sufficient surface-deposited alkali metal to provide a surface-deposited alkali metal index of at least 10. The catalytic composite has utility for the conversion of hydrocarbons and, in particular, has specific utility as a dehydrocyclization catalyst.

Abstract: A novel catalytic composite, method of preparation, and process for the conversion of hydrocarbons is disclosed. The novel catalyst comprises a nonacidic zeolite having deposited thereon catalytically effective amounts of a Group VIII metal component and sufficient surface-deposited alkali metal to provide a surface-deposited alkali metal index of at least 10.

Abstract: A novel catalytic composite, a method of making the composite, and use of the composite is disclosed. The novel catalyst comprises a nonacidic zeolite bound within a support matrix. Additionally, the catalyst comprises catalytically effective amounts of a Group VIII metal component. There is also present within the catalyst sufficient surface-deposited alkali metal to provide a surface-deposited alkali metal index of at least 10. The catalytic composite has utility for the conversion of hydrocarbons and, in particular, has specific utility as a dehydrocyclization catalyst.

Abstract: A novel catalyst composite is disclosed as well as a novel method of preparing the composite and a novel use for the composite. The novel composite comprises a nonacidic zeolite, catalytically effective amounts of a Group VIII metal component, and a silica support matrix derived by a high pH gelation of an alkali metal silicate sol. This novel composition has particular utility as a dehydrocyclization catalyst for the conversion of paraffins to aromatic compounds.