Abstract: An automation technology field device includes operating electronics and a plurality of parameters. The operating electronics are designed to operate the field device based on the parameters and obtain and process data based on the parameters. A firmware is a software container allocated to the operating electronics. The software container is designed to execute the installed code to establish, using the code, a communication connection to a distributed ledger via at least one of the outputs is a higher-level communication network, to integrate the field device in the distributed ledger-and to process and/or combine at least one part of the obtained and processed data into result data and to transmit the result data to the distributed ledger.

Abstract: A method for encrypting data of a field device includes steps of generating data using the field device, encrypting the data by the field device using a non-homomorphic encryption method using a first key, transmitting the non-homomorphically encrypted data to a first instance, and storing the non-homomorphically encrypted data in the first instance. The method also includes retrieving part of the non-homomorphically encrypted data stored in the first instance by a second instance, and decrypting the retrieved, non-homomorphically encrypted data using the second instance the first key. Further, the data is encrypted by the second instance using a homomorphic encryption method using a second key, wherein the homomorphically encrypted data is transmitted to the first instance or to a third instance and stored.

Abstract: A method for providing an access key for a field device of automation technology, wherein the access key controls accessing of the field device, includes: producing an individual key; storing the individual key in a database together with an identification feature of the field device; storing the individual key in the field device which is to be unlocked based on an input access key; ascertaining at least the identification feature of the field device for which the access key is to be provided; and forming/producing/generating the access key, such that it includes at least one hash value, wherein the hash value is formed at least from the individual key read-out from the database with the assistance of the ascertained identification feature.

Abstract: A method for providing an access key for a field device of automation technology, wherein the access key controls accessing of the field device, includes: producing an individual key; storing the individual key in a database together with an identification feature of the field device; storing the individual key in the field device which is to be unlocked based on an input access key; ascertaining at least the identification feature of the field device for which the access key is to be provided; and forming/producing/generating the access key, such that it includes at least one hash value, wherein the hash value is formed at least from the individual key read-out from the database with the assistance of the ascertained identification feature.

Abstract: A method for secure servicing of a field device (FD) of process automation technology. The field device (FD) has a web server (WS), via which the field device (FD) can be serviced, wherein the field device (FD) has a function (CAPTCHA) for distinguishing computers from humans, wherein, upon an accessing of the field device (FD) via the web server (WS), the function (CAPTCHA) for distinguishing computers from humans is executed, in order to assure that the accessing of the field device (FD) is being done by a human user.

Abstract: A parking policy management system helps identify and enforce parking violations in real-time. By monitoring sensors distributed in a parking area, the system will determine whether one or more parking policies have been violated. The types of parking policies the system can monitor include duration, time of day, unauthorized vehicle, special permit parking, and paid parking. When a violation of a policy is detected, a notification may be delivered to enforcement personnel through the Internet, personal digital assistants (PDAs), cell phones, in-vehicle dashboards, and other means.

Abstract: A parking guidance system tracks available parking spaces and leads users to vacant spots through display boards placed at strategic locations in the parking lot. Sensor nodes are deployed at parking spaces or within traffic lanes to monitor parking space occupancy and wirelessly transmit this information. The sensor nodes form a wireless network that routes the knowledge of available spaces to the corresponding display boards and updates them in real time. Parking availability information may also be shared with users in a variety of other ways such as through the Internet, personal digital assistants, computers, mobile telephones, in-vehicle dashboards, and others.