Abstract: A method and system are provided for enabling replacement of a failed processor without requiring redundancy of hardware. The system is a multiprocessing computer system that includes one or more processor chips. Each processor chip may include one or more logical processors. During system initialization, one or more logical processors may be reserved in an inactive state. In the event an error is detected on a logical or physical processor, one or more reserved logical processors may have execution context transferred from the processor experiencing the error. Thereafter, the active processor is designated as inactive and replaced by the inactive processor to which the execution context has been transferred.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for enabling replacement of a failed processor without requiring redundancy of hardware. The system is a multiprocessing computer system that includes one or more processor chips. Each processor chip may include one or more logical processors. During system initialization, one or more logical processors may be reserved in an inactive state. In the event an error is detected on a logical or physical processor, one or more reserved logical processors may have execution context transferred from the processor experiencing the error. Thereafter, the active processor is designated as inactive and replaced by the inactive processor to which the execution context has been transferred.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for enabling replacement of a failed processor without requiring redundancy of hardware. The system is a multiprocessing computer system that includes one or more processor chips. Each processor chip may include one or more logical processors. During system initialization, one or more logical processors may be reserved in an inactive state. In the event an error is detected on a logical or physical processor, one or more reserved logical processors may have execution context transferred from the processor experiencing the error. Thereafter, the active processor is designated as inactive and replaced by the inactive processor to which the execution context has been transferred.

Abstract: In a timepiece component that has a sliding friction part that slides in contact with another timepiece component, or a switching part that changes the contact state with another timepiece component in response to an operation operating the timepiece, the contact surface of the sliding friction part or switching part is coated with a composite plating having graphite mixed with a metal plating, and the composite plating is formed by an electroplating process.

Abstract: A timepiece component having a sliding friction part that slides in contact with another timepiece component, or a switching part that changes the contact state with another timepiece component in response to an operation operating the timepiece, wherein the contact surface of the sliding friction part or switching part is coated with a composite plating containing carbon nanotubes in a metal plating.

Abstract: A next idle state for a processor in a system may be determined based on a previous idle period and a previous idle state. The next idle state for the processor may also be determined based on times when interrupts are generated by devices in the system.

Abstract: A composite plating layer contains carbon nanofibers. A composite plating solution contains a Watts bath composed mainly of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride, a brightening agent, a surface active agent and carbon nanofibers. Polyacrylic acid is used as the surface active agent.

Abstract: A light diffusing element is invented which includes: a passage part which passes, as first light, light traveling in substantially parallel to an optical axis while almost not scattering the light, and a diffusion part which scatters light spreading outward from the optical axis by a predetermined angle or more and emanates the light as second light, in which the second light controls illuminance distribution in a light irradiation area defined by a region which is irradiated with the first light. According to the light diffusing element, optical loss can be minimized, the diffusion angle and the light irradiation area can be favorably controlled, and lower cost can be achieved.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the method and apparatus to provide for the detection of processor transition states is described. Some embodiments include at least two threads which provide detection for high and low priority states, which provide for power state transitions by the operating system: The low priority thread runs just prior to entry into an idle or low power state; the high priority thread runs when the idle state is ended or the highest power state is reached. In some embodiments, the use of these threads provides for the detection of processor state transitions and idle times independently of the operating system. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: Interrupts are directed to currently idle processors. Which of a number of processors of a computing system that are currently idle is determined. An interrupt is received and directed to one of the currently idle processors for processing. Determining which processors are currently idle can be accomplished by monitoring each processor to determine whether it has entered an idle state. When a processor has entered an idle state, it is thus determined that the processor is currently idle. Where just one processor is currently idle, an interrupt is directed to this processor. Where more than one processor is currently idle, one of these processors is selected to which to deliver an interrupt, such as in a round-robin manner. Where no processor is currently idle, then one of the processors is selected to which to deliver an interrupt.

Abstract: A metal electrode is formed on a substrate. The metal electrode includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer lying, from an outermost surface of the metal electrode toward the substrate, in this order. The first layer contains tin as a principal constituent and the second layer contains a metallic element which produces an eutectic reaction with tin, wherein the melting point of the first layer is higher than the melting point of the second layer. The third layer is an underlying metallic layer for the first and second layers.

Abstract: A metal plating structure, characterized in that it comprises a metal plating film and, incorporated therein, a fine carbon fiber of a derivative thereof, wherein the fine carbon fiber represents a carbon fiber having a diameter of approximately 200 nm or less and an aspect ratio of approximately 10 or more; the metal plating structure, which further comprises a resin material incorporated therein; and a method for producing the metal plating structure. Examples of the derivative include substances prepared by subjecting the fine carbon fiber to various chemical modifications and by fluorinating the fine carbon fiber. The metal plating structure can be suitably used for incorporating a fine carbon fiber of a derivative thereof into a metal at an ordinary temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides metal particles, in which microfine carbon fibers are uniformly dispersed, and a method of producing such metal particles. The method comprises the steps of: electrolyzing an electrolytic solution, in which the microfine carbon fibers are dispersed, so as to deposit metal particles, in which the microfine carbon fibers are incorporated, on a cathode; and separating the deposited metal particles from the cathode. The separated metal particles are collected, cleaned and dried.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for enabling replacement of a failed processor without requiring redundancy of hardware. The system is a multiprocessing computer system that includes one or more processor chips. Each processor chip may include one or more logical processors. During system initialization, one or more logical processors may be reserved in an inactive state. In the event an error is detected on a logical or physical processor, one or more reserved logical processors may have execution context transferred from the processor experiencing the error. Thereafter, the active processor is designated as inactive and replaced by the inactive processor to which the execution context has been transferred.

Abstract: A metal electrode of the invention is formed on a substrate. The metal electrode includes a first layer, a second layer and a third layer lying from an outermost surface of the metal electrode toward the substrate in this order. The first layer contains tin as a principal constituent and the second layer contains a metallic element which produces an eutectic reaction with tin, wherein the melting point of the first layer is higher than that of the second layer. The third layer is formed as an underlying metallic layer for the first and second layers.

Abstract: A system for exchanging devices installed in a computer system allows users to make an exchange of devices while the computer system is running or in a sleeping state. The system is able to recognize, access and use the newly added device without restarting or rebooting the computer system.

Abstract: When an auto-reverse is designated in the state of the magnetic tape of a cassette being transferred in a first direction with a planetary gear meshing with a first reel gear, a motor reverses, and also a central gear reverses such that the planetary gear starts revolving around the central gear away from the first reel gear. The planetary gear meshes with a mode changing gear, and rotate the mode changing gear, a projection and a switching member. In accordance with the rotation of the switching member, a head base moves horizontally and a magnetic head separates from the magnetic tape. Further, a bent piece on the head base abuts against a stopper, due to which the revolution of the planetary gear stops, and the planetary gear stays to assuredly transmit the revolution of the central gear to the mode changing gear. Moreover, the projection while in rotation presses a slider. As the slider slides, the magnetic head turns 180.degree..

Abstract: In the present invention, the tin-silver-system alloy plating solution comprising following five fundamental ingredients (a)-(e): (a) a tin compound; (b) a silver compound; (c) at least one member selected from a group consisting of bismuth compounds and copper compounds; (d) a pyrophosphoric compound; and (e) an iodic compound. By the present invention, the tin-silver-system alloy layer, which can be employed instead of tin-lead solder alloy layer, can be formed without using harmful compounds: cyanide, lead compounds, etc..

Abstract: A tin-silver alloy plating solution having a tin compound, a silver compound, and a complexing agent including a pyrophosphoric compound and an iodic compound. The tin-silver alloy layer composition can achieve a high electric current efficiency without using harmful compounds such as cyanides. The plating solution is very stable, possesses adhesivability, and the solder-wettability of the tin-silver alloy layer is satisfactory. Also, the alloy is an advantageous alloy for solder plating.

Abstract: An arm 17 adapted to swing with its one end 17a pressed by a protrusion 12 made by protruding the axle of an idle gear 10 is disposed under a body chassis 1. A plate slide lever 18 adapted to horizontally move forward and backward by the swing of the other end 17b of the arm 17 is disposed at the other end 17b of the arm 17. A guide channel 20 is provided in the slide lever 18. The guide channel 20 includes a guide portion adapted to guide a pin 19 so as to vertically move the head base 8. An upper end lock portion 22 adapted to lock the head base 8 at its elevated position by means of the pin 19 and a lower end lock portion 23 adapted to lock the head base 8 at its elevated position by means of the pin 19 are provided at both ends of the guide channel 20. The head base can be vertically moved smoothly and can be firmly locked at predetermined positions.