Abstract: A scanning electron microscope includes: a retarding power source configured to apply a retarding voltage to a specimen; a combined objective lens configured to focus the primary beam on a surface of the specimen; an electrostatic deflection system configured to deflect the primary beam to direct the primary beam to each point in a field of view on the surface of the specimen; a first scintillation detector having a first scintillator configured to emit light upon incidence of secondary electrons which have been emitted from the specimen; a Wien filter configured to deflect the secondary electrons in one direction without deflecting the primary beam; and a second scintillation detector having a second scintillator configured to detect the secondary electrons deflected by the Wien filter. The second scintillator has a distal end located away from the axis of the primary beam.

Abstract: A scanning electron microscope including: an electron beam source for generating a primary electron beam; an electron optical system configured to direct the primary electron beam to a specimen while focusing and deflecting the primary electron beam; and an energy analyzing system capable of performing parallel detection of an energy spectrum of back-scattered electrons emitted from the specimen is disclosed. The energy analyzing system includes: a Wien filter configured to separate the back-scattered electrons from a beam axis and analyze energies of the back-scattered electrons; and an array detector configured to detect the back-scattered electrons that have passed through the Wien filter. The Wien filter includes a plurality of electromagnetic poles, center-side ends of the plurality of electromagnetic poles have tapered surfaces, respectively, and the tapered surfaces form an exit of the Wien filter through which the back-scattered electrons pass out.

Abstract: A scanning electron microscope includes: a retarding power source configured to apply a retarding voltage to a specimen; a combined objective lens configured to focus the primary beam on a surface of the specimen; an electrostatic deflection system configured to deflect the primary beam to direct the primary beam to each point in a field of view on the surface of the specimen; a first scintillation detector having a first scintillator configured to emit light upon incidence of secondary electrons which have been emitted from the specimen; a Wien filter configured to deflect the secondary electrons in one direction without deflecting the primary beam; and a second scintillation detector having a second scintillator configured to detect the secondary electrons deflected by the Wien filter. The second scintillator has a distal end located away from the axis of the primary beam.

Abstract: A selective call receiving apparatus for receiving FM multiplexed broadcasting signals which is designed to suppress consumed power by efficiently using a battery as a power supply. This apparatus has a reception circuit, an FM multiplex decoder, a subframe counter and a CPU. The reception circuit receives frames having plural pieces of subframes including ID data for a local terminal. The FM multiplex decoder detects a sync signal in each received subframe. The subframe counter counts the number of subframes in accordance with the detected sync signal.

Abstract: An FM broadcasting signal carrying multiplex character data transmitted from a radio broadcasting station is automatically preset in an FM receiving apparatus. An FM broadcasting signal is received, and a frequency information of the received FM broadcasting signal is temporarily memorized in a memory. It is judged whether a PLL lock signal is produced by a clock signal reproducing circuit during a demodulation process of the FM broadcasting signal whose frequency information is memorized in the memory. When it is determined that the PLL lock signal is produced by the clock signal reproducing circuit, it is determined that the FM broadcasting signal carries multiplex character data, and the frequency information of said FM broadcasting signal is preset to the FM receiving apparatus.

Abstract: There is disclosed a high-resolution magnetic-electrostatic compound objective lens for use in a scanning electron microscope, the objective lens having reduced spherical aberration and chromatic aberration. The lens comprises a substantially conically-shaped magnetic pole piece, a coil wound along the inner surface of the magnetic pole piece, a hollow insulator disposed along the inner surface of the coil and a high-resistivity film disposed along the inner surface of the insulator. When the coil is energized, an axially symmetrical magnetic field is produced inside the magnetic lens. The obtained axial magnetic flux density distribution has a peak near the bottom end of the magnetic pole piece. The principal plane of the magnetic lens is brought close to the specimen and results in smaller aberrations.

Abstract: A CPU enables an FM tuner, a tuning controller and an FM multiplex decoder, after which the CPU is disabled. The FM tuner, tuning controller and FM multiplex decoder receives frame data including emergency information transmitted from a broadcasting station. When a packet coincidence circuit determines that the received block is a specific block which may include emergency information, the FM multiplex decoder causes an emergency information determining circuit to determine if the associated packet contains emergency information. If this packet contains emergency information, the emergency information determining circuit sends an interrupt signal to the CPU to enable the CPU. The CPU then reproduces the emergency information in the received data and displays it on a display section.

Abstract: An electron beam lithography system capable of forming an aperture image on a material to be patterned in such a way that the current density distribution throughout the whole image is uniform, the current density is high, and the resolution is high. The system has an electron gun comprising a plurality of needle-like cathodes arranged in an array forming field emission electron sources. Electrons are extracted from the cathodes.

Abstract: A tracking control device comprises a tape driving device for driving a magnetic tap at a predetermined running speed; and a rotary head carrying a magnetic head, for rotating the magnetic head to trace a plurality of record tracks on a magnetic tape driven by the tape driving device, the magnetic head having two gaps which have different azimuth angles from each other, the respective gaps being adapted to be used to trace every other record track. A signal reproducing circuit is connected to the magnetic head, for reproducing as signal supplied from the magnetic head; and a pilot signal detector is connected to the signal reproducing circuit for detecting pilot signals included in the signal reproduced by the signal reproducing circuit, the pilot signals being recorded in record tracks on both sides of the record track which is traced by one of the gaps of the magnetic head, and for outputting pilot-signal detection signals each representing levels of the detected pilot signals.

Abstract: There is disclosed a charged particle beam apparatus capable of adjusting the convergence angle of the charged particle probe independent of the current in the probe. The apparatus comprises a charged particle gun producing a charged particle beam, a first condenser lens, a second condenser lens, an objective lens, an aperture, and an auxiliary condenser lens. The first condenser lens, the second condenser lens, and the objective lens which are arranged in this order act to sharply focus the beam to form an charged particle probe impinging on a specimen. The aperture is installed between the second condenser lens and the objective lens. The auxiliary lens is located between the objective lens and the aperture to control the convergence angle of the probe.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus of a rotary head type, a magnetic head having two gaps of different azimuth angles is installed on the rotary drum and a switching signal, the polarity of which is inverted every rotation of the rotary drum is generated. The duty of the switching signal is adjusted so as to correspond to a time-difference between the two gaps of the above head. The timings of the recording operation and the reproducing operation to be performed by the magnetic head are controlled on the basis of the above adjusted switching signal.

Abstract: There is disclosed a conical electromagnetic lens whose spherical aberration and chromatic aberration coefficients can be made small if the apex angle of the conical lens is small. The lens comprises a conical bobbin through which a beam of charged particles passes and a coil wound on the outer periphery of the bobbin. The number of turns of the coil per unit length along the axis of the lens is increased from the inlet end toward the exit end of the lens.

Abstract: The present invention provides a speech recognition apparatus for recognizing speech by converting voice signal into digital data. The apparatus performs a two-stage Dynamic Programming (DP) operation comprising a pre-stage and post-stage operation. The pre-stage DP operation is conducted with regard to the inputted digital voice data selected along a time axis and standard pattern data formed in advance in correspondence with voice and stored in a memory, thereby selecting several standard pattern data as the candidates. The post-stage DP operation is further conducted with regard to the inputted digital voice signals and the selected candidates of standard pattern data. Thus, the DP operation time of the present apparatus is shortened and a work area of a memory is decreased.

Abstract: In an LSP sound synthesizer, LSP transform parameters for three types of sounds are prestored: human, bird, and insect. For synthesis, the inverse transform is modified to increase the quality of each type of sound: a parameter converter uses a uniform-frequency distribution (of gain) for human, a mid-frequency concentration for bird, and a high-frequency concentration for insect sounds.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument comprising detection means to detect time positions of an initial part and a terminal part of a voice, extraction means to extract pitch data of the voice, a plurality of processing means to subject the pitch data to different processing operations, means to successively select the processed pitch data of the plurality of processing means in correspondence with the respective detected time positions, and musical sound production means to produce a musical sound on the basis of the processed pitch data delivered from the selection means.

Abstract: An LSP synthesizer (Line Spectrum Pair) includes an LSP voice synthesizer digital filter arranged for parallel operation upon voice parameters and excitation information, to obtain an LSP synthesized sound. The LSP voice synthesizer digital filter includes at least a parallel multiplier and a parallel adder. The parallel multiplier divides data into a set of upper bits and a set of lower bits and multiplies the upper and lower bits separately at specified different timings. The multiplication results are supplied to a delay circuit which adjusts timings of the multiplication results. These multiplication results are synthesized by the parallel adder to obtain a single piece of data.

Abstract: In one type of scanning electron microscope, a specimen is inserted substantially centrally in a gap between the magnetic pole pieces of an objective lens and the secondary electrons from the specimen are detected by the detecting means disposed upwardly of the objective lens. In this invention, a pipe electrode is incorporated along the optical axis of the objective lens between the objective lens and the detecting means so that the primary electron beam irradiating the specimen is not adversely affected by the detecting means. Further, a mesh electrode maintained at positive potential against the specimen is incorporated at the bottom end of the pipe electrode so that almost all the secondary electrons from the specimen are attracted toward the detecting means.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument comprising detection means to detect time positions of an initial part and a terminal part of a voice, extraction means to extract pitch data of the voice, a plurality of processing means to subject the pitch data to different processing operations, means to successively select the processed pitch data of the plurality of processing means in correspondence with the respective detected time positions, and musical sound production means to produce a musical sound on the basis of the processed pitch data delivered from the selection means.