Abstract: One aspect provides an electronic device including a polarizable device having a polarizable material layer disposed between a first and a second electrode with a polarized material portion having a polarization changeable to a number of discrete polarization states by application of switching charges, wherein an electrical response of the polarizable material layer changes with the polarization state. A current compliance device disposed between the second electrode and a first terminal forms a current path with the polarizable material layer. In response to a plurality of voltage pulses applied across the first electrode and first terminal, each to cause a switching current in the current path to apply a switching charge to the polarizable material layer to change the polarization state by a polarization amount, the current compliance device to maintain the switching current at a substantially constant magnitude for each voltage pulse independent of the polarization state.

Abstract: One aspect provides an electronic device including a polarizable device having a polarizable material layer disposed between a first and a second electrode with a polarized material portion having a polarization changeable to a number of discrete polarization states by application of switching charges, wherein an electrical response of the polarizable material layer changes with the polarization state. A current compliance device disposed between the second electrode and a first terminal forms a current path with the polarizable material layer. In response to a plurality of voltage pulses applied across the first electrode and first terminal, each to cause a switching current in the current path to apply a switching charge to the polarizable material layer to change the polarization state by a polarization amount, the current compliance device to maintain the switching current at a substantially constant magnitude for each voltage pulse independent of the polarization state.