Abstract: A cylinder head (10) for an internal combustion engine has hydroformed port liners (18) positioned within selected ports, either exhaust and/or intake ports (14, 16). The hydroformed port liner (18) includes an air gap (24) for an insulation layer within the selected port (14, 16) between an outer surface (19) of the hydroformed port liner (18) and the wall of the port (14, 16). A cylinder head (12) with a predetermined port configuration has selected ports (14, 16) cast with protrusions (22). The selected ports (14,16) have a larger diameter than a standard size port diameter for that cylinder head to provide a predetermined port configuration by a preset amount based on the thickness of the hydroformed port liner (18) and a desired air gap (22). Protrusions (22) in the wall of the selected ports (14, 16) or on the insert sleeves (17) facilitate formation of the air gap during the hydroforming process.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing bearing contaminant migration from a cartridge bearing assembly of a hard disc drive actuator assembly. The cartridge bearing assembly includes a stationary shaft, a bearing assembly and a cartridge bearing sleeve. The bearing assembly is disposed between and rigidly affixed to the stationary shaft and the cartridge bearing sleeve so as to facilitate radial movement of the cartridge bearing sleeve relative to the stationary shaft. A retention disc is rigidly affixed to a portion of the cartridge bearing sleeve adjacent the bearing assembly to form a retention chamber adjacent the bearing assembly to minimize the migration of contaminants from the bearing assembly to the interior of the disc drive. Adhesive is used to bond the retention disc to the cartridge bearing sleeve, the adhesive providing additional sealing against the passage of contaminants between the retention disc and the cartridge bearing sleeve.