Abstract: Processes are provided for the recovering of crude lead from materials containing lead substantially in the form of oxides and/or sulphates. The processes are carried out in a rotary converter with the rotation axis inclined to the plane of the vertical. In the process the materials containing lead are smelted and reduced while the furnace is rotated. Processes are also provided to separate and recover possible impurities of arsenic, antimony and tin.

Abstract: A process for the production of copper from raw materials containing sulphur, zinc and more than 0.2% Ni calculated on the copper content. The material is melted to matte and the matte converted to white metal, whereafter the white metal is converted to copper and the zinc present in the slag obtained from the matte is fumed off in a furnace therefore. The slag formed during the conversion of matte to white metal is removed and treated in a separate furnace with an amount of copper, iron or nickel sulphide material sufficient to lower the copper content to less than 2%, whereafter the treated slag obtained is charged to the slag fuming surface.