Abstract: Disclosed is a process photometer arrangement (10) with a photometric cuvette unit (20) comprising a cuvette body (24) defining a cuvette cavity (25) and a combined sample inlet/outlet opening (34), a photometer light inlet window (60) and a photometer light outlet window (62). The cuvette body (24) is movably supported by a cuvette body support element (88) and the cuvette unit (20) is provided with a cuvette vibration device (80) for vibrating the cuvette body (24) to thereby quickly and homogenously mix a liquid sample volume (31) within the cuvette cavity (25) without any separate mixing element within the cuvette cavity. This allows a short mixing action within a microfluidic cuvette.

Abstract: A method for the determination of a plausibility of a measurement result of a determination of an ammonium content of an aqueous sample. The method includes providing a blue indole dye mixture of the aqueous sample, determining a first extinction value of the blue indole dye mixture in a first absorption region, determining a second extinction value of the blue indole dye mixture in a second absorption region, dividing the first extinction value by the second extinction value so as to obtain a quotient, and determining the measurement result to not be plausible if the quotient ? 1.1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shunt resistor (2) for detecting the status of an electrical energy storage unit (1), wherein the shunt resistor (2) comprises a first layer (4), a second layer (6) and a third layer (8). According to the invention, the layers (4, 6, 8) are arranged in a layered manner in a stacking direction (V), wherein the second layer (6) is arranged between the first layer (4) and the third layer (8), and wherein the layers (4, 6, 8) are in physical contact with one another at one of the sides having the greatest respective surface area, and wherein the layers (4, 6, 8) are arranged at least partially overlapping.

Abstract: A method for detecting an internal short circuit in a first electrical energy storage unit of an electrical energy storage device is described, wherein the electrical energy storage device comprises at least two electrical energy storage units including a first electrical energy storage unit and a second electrical energy storage unit electrically connected in parallel in the electrical energy storage device, the method including recording an electric current flowing into or out of the first electrical energy storage unit, recording an electric current flowing into or out of the second electrical energy storage unit, determining a short-circuit current in the first electrical energy storage unit based on the at least two recorded electric currents, and detecting an internal short circuit when the magnitude of the short-circuit current exceeding a predefined short-circuit current threshold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a current sensor comprising an electric conductor (10), through which a first current (I) can flow parallel to a first direction (R1) and which comprises three regions (21, 22, 23) immediately following on from each other in the first direction (R1). A middle region (22) of the three regions (21, 22, 23) comprises a conductor cross-sectional area that is smaller than a conductor cross-sectional area of each of the two outer regions (21, 23) of the three regions (21, 22, 23). A voltage sensor of the current sensor is designed to measure a first voltage between the two terminals (41, 42) thereof. The first voltage is the same as a voltage applied to a measuring region (22, 25) at least partially coinciding with the middle region (22).

Abstract: The invention relates to a shunt resistor (2) for detecting the status of an electrical energy storage unit (1), wherein the shunt resistor (2) comprises a first layer (4), a second layer (6) and a third layer (8). According to the invention, the layers (4, 6, 8) are arranged in a layered manner in a stacking direction (V), wherein the second layer (6) is arranged between the first layer (4) and the third layer (8), and wherein the layers (4, 6, 8) are in physical contact with one another at one of the sides having the greatest respective surface area, and wherein the layers (4, 6, 8) are arranged at least partially overlapping.

Abstract: Electrical energy storage system (1), comprising at least two strings (STR1, STR2, STR3) interconnected in parallel connection, wherein the strings each have at least two electrical energy storage units (15) interconnected in series connection, characterized in that at least one first electrically conductive cross-connection (11) between electrical energy storage units (15) at an identical first electrical potential in the strings (STR1, STR2, STR3) interconnected in parallel connection is electrically conductively connected via at least one diode (12) to a means for detecting an electric current (13) and a controllable electrical energy source (14), wherein the diode (12) is not incorporated into the first electrically conductive cross-connection (11).

Abstract: The invention relates to a current sensor comprising an electric conductor (10), through which a first current (I) can flow parallel to a first direction (R1) and which comprises three regions (21, 22, 23) immediately following on from each other in the first direction (R1). A middle region (22) of the three regions (21, 22, 23) comprises a conductor cross-sectional area that is smaller than a conductor cross-sectional area of each of the two outer regions (21, 23) of the three regions (21, 22, 23). A voltage sensor of the current sensor is designed to measure a first voltage between the two terminals (41, 42) thereof. The first voltage is the same as a voltage applied to a measuring region (22, 25) at least partialy coinciding with the middle region (22).

Abstract: A method for information display includes specifying information pertaining to a target location and encoding the specified information in a machine-readable symbol (22, 60) comprising a set of three or more color elements (40), which have different, respective colors that encode a first part of the information and are contained within a non-rectangular border (44), which has a shape characteristic that encodes a second part of the information. The symbol is positioned in the target location.

Abstract: Electrical energy storage system (1), comprising at least two strings (STR1, STR2, STR3) interconnected in parallel connection, wherein the strings each have at least two electrical energy storage units (15) interconnected in series connection, characterized in that at least one first electrically conductive cross-connection (11) between electrical energy storage units (15) at an identical first electrical potential in the strings (STR1, STR2, STR3) interconnected in parallel connection is electrically conductively connected via at least one diode (12) to a means for detecting an electric current (13) and a controllable electrical energy source (14), wherein the diode (12) is not incorporated into the first electrically conductive cross-connection (11).

Abstract: A method for detecting an internal short circuit in a first electrical energy storage unit of an electrical energy storage device is described, wherein the electrical energy storage device comprises at least two electrical energy storage units including a first electrical energy storage unit and a second electrical energy storage unit electrically connected in parallel in the electrical energy storage device, the method including recording an electric current flowing into or out of the first electrical energy storage unit, recording an electric current flowing into or out of the second electrical energy storage unit, determining a short-circuit current in the first electrical energy storage unit based on the at least two recorded electric currents, and detecting an internal short circuit when the magnitude of the short-circuit current exceeding a predefined short-circuit current threshold.

Abstract: A method for operating an electrical energy storage system, wherein the electrical energy storage system has a plurality of components which fulfill the same purpose, and the method comprises: acquiring first feature data sets that identify the components in each case unambiguously in the energy storage system; comparing the acquired first feature data sets with second feature data sets stored in a first memory; in the case of a deviation between the first feature data sets and the second feature data sets that is established by the comparison, classifying the deviation; storing a value in a second memory depending on the classification of the deviation; and upon a predefined condition being fulfilled by the stored value, at least partly limiting a functionality of the electrical energy storage system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring an electric current of a battery (10) with multiple battery modules (11), having the step of measuring a temperature related to the battery module (11). According to the method, the temperature of a connector is first determined for at least one battery module (11) using the measured temperature and a temperature model, and the electric resistance of the connector is determined using a resistance model and the temperature of the connector. The electric voltage which drops at the connector is then measured, and the electric current flowing through the connector is calculated from the voltage. The invention additionally relates to a corresponding device and to a battery comprising such a device.

Abstract: Electromechanical adapter having at least one controller, wherein the adapter comprises at least a first interface for communication with at least one monitoring unit at the battery, a second interface for communication with a monitoring unit that is superordinate to the monitoring unit at the battery, and a third interface for the connection of at least one sensor and/or actuator, wherein the controller converts signals between the first and second interfaces.

Abstract: A method for information display includes specifying information pertaining to a target location and encoding the specified information in a machine-readable symbol (22, 60) comprising a set of three or more color elements (40), which have different, respective colors that encode a first part of the information and are contained within a non-rectangular border (44), which has a shape characteristic that encodes a second part of the information. The symbol is positioned in the target location.

Abstract: A battery includes a plurality of battery cells configured to make available an electrical output voltage and a plurality of battery electronics which is coupled to the plurality of battery cells and includes a current measuring device configured to determine a present battery current, a detection device configured to determine further operating parameters of the plurality of battery cells, and a setting device configured to set an excess current threshold for the battery current based on an actuation variable. The setting device is configured to determine the actuation variable based on a present load bearing capacity of the plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the secured digital transmission of current measurement values and to a battery (1) and a battery controller (10) which are suitable for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method for operating an electrical energy storage system, wherein the electrical energy storage system has a plurality of components which fulfil the same purpose, and the method comprises: acquiring first feature data sets that identify the components in each case unambiguously in the energy storage system; comparing the acquired first feature data sets with second feature data sets stored in a first memory; in the case of a deviation between the first feature data sets and the second feature data sets that is established by the comparison, classifying the deviation; storing a value in a second memory depending on the classification of the deviation; and upon a predefined condition being fulfilled by the stored value, at least partly limiting a functionality of the electrical energy storage system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an electrical network, in particular an onboard network of a vehicle, in particular of a hybrid vehicle (HEV), of a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) or of an electric vehicle (EV). Said network comprises a battery system, which contains a battery separation unit (10), with which a high-voltage battery (12) can be separated from a battery positive pole (18) and/or a battery negative pole (32) or from both battery poles (18, 32) of the on-board network. A main contactor and/or precharging contactor coil (22, 28, 36) of at least one electromagnetic switch (20, 24) is pre-heated. In the case of a pulse-width modulation signal control, the actuation takes place with a fraction (54), preferably 10% to 30%, of an activation pulse width.

Abstract: The invention relates to a battery pack having a plurality of electrochemical battery cells, comprising a device for measuring a difference between two cell currents of two different battery cells, wherein a first battery cell has a first wound element, consisting of a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, which causes a first magnetic field via a first of the cell currents, and a second battery cell has a second wound element, consisting of a third electrode layer and a fourth electrode layer, which causes a second magnetic field via a second of the cell currents, wherein the first and the second wound elements are arranged relative to each other such that the first magnetic field counteracts the second magnetic field in the case of the first and second cell current being rectified, wherein the battery pack additionally comprises a magnetic field sensor which is configured to measure a superimposed field consisting of the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field, and comprises an eval