Abstract: A quantum processing system and method of operating the same are disclosed. The system includes a first qubit comprising a first unpaired electron bound to a first pair of donor clusters embedded in a semiconductor substrate at a distance from the semiconductor surface. each donor cluster in the first pair of donor clusters including at least one donor atom. The system further includes a second qubit comprising a second unpaired electron bound to a second pair of donor clusters embedded in the semiconductor substrate at a distance from the semiconductor surface. each donor cluster in the second pair of donor clusters including at least one donor atom. In addition, a microwave resonator is located between the first qubit and the second qubit, wherein a first end of the microwave resonator is coupled to the first qubit and a second end of the microwave resonator is coupled to the second qubit. A photon of the microwave resonator couples the first qubit and the second qubit.

Abstract: A quantum processing system is disclosed. In one embodiment, a quantum processing system comprises: a plurality of donor atoms positioned in a silicon crystal substrate, each donor atom positioned at a donor site; and a plurality of conductive control electrodes arranged about the donor atoms to operate the donor atoms as qubits. Where, at least two pairs of nearest neighbour donor atoms of the plurality of donor atoms are arranged along the [110] direction of the silicon crystal substrate and are configured to operate as qubits.

Abstract: A quantum computer comprises of at least one qubit formed from holes created with acceptor atoms (10) in crystalline silicon (12) and a pair of gates (14, 16) located above the acceptor atoms (10) to apply direct electric field and alternating electric field for switching, manipulating the qubit such that quantum information resulting from being manipulated is stored from decoherence.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns photonics and in particular the addressing of individual targets in solids. In aspect one there is provided a device comprising a solid substrate with one or more atomic scale targets in the substrate. A laser light is focused on a region of the substrate that contains a single target to selectively cause photoionization of the target. A charge sensor with sub-electron charge sensitivity is focussed on measuring the charge in the region of the substrate that contains a single target. In use, the device operates such that the laser is turned on to cause photoionization of the target, and the charge sensor detects the change in charge in the region of the substrate that contains the single target. In another aspect is the method for optically investigating individual nuclear spin states of single atoms by investigating both the Zeeman effect and the hyperfine interaction of the single atoms.