Abstract: According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an atomic clock and methods of forming and/or using an atomic clock are disclosed. In one embodiment, an atomic clock includes: a light source configured to illuminate a resonance vapor cell; a narrowband optical filter disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and arranged such that light emitted from the light source passes through the narrowband optical filter and illuminates the resonance vapor cell. The resonance vapor cell is configured to emit a signal corresponding to a hyperfine transition frequency in response to illumination from the light source, and a filter cell is disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and configured to generate optical pumping. An optical detector is configured to detect the emitted signal corresponding to the hyperfine transition frequency.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise a magnetic field compensation system. In some examples, the system comprises one or more coil drivers, magnetic field coils, and one or more magnetic field sensors. The one or more coil drivers supply a current to the magnetic field coils to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field coils receive the current and generate the magnetic field. The magnetic field coils may be arranged in an array. The magnetic field coils individually comprise at least one coil trace pattern that encloses an area. The one or more magnetic field sensors measure the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field coils at a location proximate to the magnetic field coils.

Abstract: A magnetographic camera may be based on an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM). The magnetographic camera may measure a spatial distribution of magnetic field produced by a sample that may be stationary in time or may dynamically vary with time. The magnetographic camera may include a magnetic field detector housing containing a vapor cell. The magnetographic camera may include a laser light source to illuminate the vapor cell causing a magnetic field image of a sample to be generated. The magnetographic camera may include an optical detector to encode and store the magnetic field image of the sample that is spatially encoded as a distribution of light.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise a thermally packaged atomic device. The thermally packaged atomic device comprises an atomic vapor cell, a heater, and an enclosure. The atomic vapor cell is located within the enclosure. The heater heats the atomic vapor cell. The enclosure is filled with a gas selected for comprising a thermal conductivity less than air. The gas comprising a thermal conductivity less than air may comprise xenon or krypton. The enclosure surrounds the atomic vapor cell with the gas.

Abstract: According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an atomic clock and methods of forming and/or using an atomic clock are disclosed. In one embodiment, an atomic clock includes: a light source configured to illuminate a resonance vapor cell; a narrowband optical filter disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and arranged such that light emitted from the light source passes through the narrowband optical filter and illuminates the resonance vapor cell. The resonance vapor cell is configured to emit a signal corresponding to a hyperfine transition frequency in response to illumination from the light source, and a filter cell is disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and configured to generate optical pumping. An optical detector is configured to detect the emitted signal corresponding to the hyperfine transition frequency.

Abstract: According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an atomic clock and methods of forming and/or using an atomic clock are disclosed. In one embodiment, an atomic clock includes: a light source configured to illuminate a resonance vapor cell; a narrowband optical filter disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and arranged such that light emitted from the light source passes through the narrowband optical filter and illuminates the resonance vapor cell. The resonance vapor cell is configured to emit a signal corresponding to a hyperfine transition frequency in response to illumination from the light source, and a filter cell is disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and configured to generate optical pumping. An optical detector is configured to detect the emitted signal corresponding to the hyperfine transition frequency.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein comprise systems and methods to conform magnetic field sensors to a target geometry. In some examples, an apparatus is configured to conform to a target geometry. The apparatus comprises a sensor mount and a sensor array. The sensor mount comprises a flexible state for a first environmental condition and a rigid state for a second environmental condition. The sensor mount transitions from the flexible state to the rigid state when the first environmental condition transitions to the second environmental condition. The sensor mount transitions from the rigid state to the flexible state when the second environmental condition transitions to the first environmental condition. The sensor array is coupled to the sensor mount.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein comprise systems and methods to locate magnetic field sensors. In some examples, a system comprises a controller, a sensor mount, a coil set comprising one or more coils, and a magnetic field sensor. The sensor mount mounts the magnetic field sensor and constrains at least one degree of freedom of the magnetic field sensor in position or orientation. The controller supplies electric current to the coil set. The coil set generates magnetic waves that form at least one coil magnetic field in response to receiving the current. The magnetic field sensor measures the strength of the coil magnetic field. The controller locates the magnetic field sensor based on the constraint and the measured strength of the coil magnetic field.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise systems and methods to model the shape of a target subject to coregister an image generated by an on-subject sensor array to the anatomy of the subject. In some examples, a system constrains sensors to follow the contour of the target subject. The system generates a surface contour representation of the target subject based on the locations of the individual ones of the sensors. The system fits the surface contour representation of the target subject to an outer surface feature of an anatomical scan.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise a magnetic field compensation system. In some examples, the system comprises one or more coil drivers, magnetic field coils, and one or more magnetic field sensors. The one or more coil drivers supply a current to the magnetic field coils to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field coils receive the current and generate the magnetic field. The magnetic field coils may be arranged in an array. The magnetic field coils individually comprise at least one coil trace pattern that encloses an area. The one or more magnetic field sensors measure the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field coils at a location proximate to the magnetic field coils.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present technology relate generally to the field of imaging the spatial distribution of magnetic field of biologic and non-biologic materials that may change over time and more particularly to the apparatus and methods for making such a static or dynamic spatial imaging of magnetic field distributions. Some embodiments provide for apparatus and methods for a novel magnetographic camera which enables a unique ability to determine the spatial distribution of magnetic field in a biological or non-biological sample with high spatial and temporal resolutions and high sensitivity. The use of these embodiments will greatly expand the applications of OPM-based cameras in medicine, science and industry.

Abstract: According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an atomic clock and methods of forming and/or using an atomic clock are disclosed. In one embodiment, an atomic clock includes: a light source configured to illuminate a resonance vapor cell; a narrowband optical filter disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and arranged such that light emitted from the light source passes through the narrowband optical filter and illuminates the resonance vapor cell. The resonance vapor cell is configured to emit a signal corresponding to a hyperfine transition frequency in response to illumination from the light source, and a filter cell is disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and configured to generate optical pumping. An optical detector is configured to detect the emitted signal corresponding to the hyperfine transition frequency.

Abstract: A calibration system and method is described to continuously measure and adjust several parameters of a magnetic imaging array. One or more non-target magnetic field source(s) are used to generate a well-defined and distinguishable spatial magnetic field distribution. The magnetic imaging array is used to measure the strength of the non-target magnetic fields and the information is used to calibrate several parameters of the array, such as, but not limited to, effective magnetometer positions and orientations, gains and their frequency dependence, bandwidth, and linearity. The calibration can happen continuously or periodically, while the imaging array is operating to create magnetic field images, if the modulation frequencies for calibration are outside the frequency window of interest.

Abstract: A system and method to measure a magnetic gradient field with an optically-pumped magnetometer is described. Atoms are spin polarized at two locations. Larmor frequencies are, induced and the spin frequency is detected. The frequencies are proportional to the total magnetic field at the locations of the atoms. The magnetic field gradient is extracted from the beat frequency of the two Larmor frequencies.

Abstract: A mutually calibrated magnetic imaging array system is described. The system includes a non-target magnetic source rigidly attached to a magnetometer, and an attached control unit to measure and adjust several parameters of a magnetic imaging array. A non-target magnetic field source is used to generate a well-defined and distinguishable spatial magnetic field distribution. The source is rigidly attached directly to a magnetometer, while the relative positions of the magnetometers are unknown. The magnetic imaging array is used to measure the strength of the non-target source magnetic fields and the information is used to calibrate several parameters of the array, such as, but not limited to, effective magnetometer positions and orientations with respect to each other and cross-talk between the magnetometers. The system, and method described herein eliminates the need for a separate calibration phantom.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method of detecting a J-coupling includes providing a polarized analyte adjacent to a vapor cell of an atomic magnetometer; and measuring one or more J-coupling parameters using the atomic magnetometer. According to an embodiment, measuring the one or more J-coupling parameters includes detecting a magnetic field created by the polarized analyte as the magnetic field evolves under a J-coupling interaction.

Abstract: A magnetometer and method of use is presently disclosed. The magnetometer has at least one sensor void of extraneous metallic components, electrical contacts and electrically conducting pathways. The sensor contains an active material vapor, such as an alkali vapor, that alters at least one measurable parameter of light passing therethrough, when in a magnetic field. The sensor may have an absorptive material configured to absorb laser light and thereby activate or heat the active material vapor.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method of detecting a J-coupling includes providing a polarized analyte adjacent to a vapor cell of an atomic magnetometer; and measuring one or more J-coupling parameters using the atomic magnetometer. According to an embodiment, measuring the one or more J-coupling parameters includes detecting a magnetic field created by the polarized analyte as the magnetic field evolves under a J-coupling interaction.

Abstract: An integral microfluidic device includes an alkali vapor cell and microfluidic channel, which can be used to detect magnetism for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Small magnetic fields in the vicinity of the vapor cell can be measured by optically polarizing and probing the spin precession in the small magnetic field. This can then be used to detect the magnetic field of in encoded analyte in the adjacent microfluidic channel. The magnetism in the microfluidic channel can be modulated by applying an appropriate series of radio or audio frequency pulses upstream from the microfluidic chip (the remote detection modality) to yield a sensitive means of detecting NMR and MRI.

Abstract: A magnetometer and method of use is presently disclosed. The magnetometer has at least one sensor void of extraneous metallic components, electrical contacts and electrically conducting pathways. The sensor contains an active material vapor, such as an alkali vapor, that alters at least one measurable parameter of light passing therethrough, when in a magnetic field. The sensor may have an absorptive material configured to absorb laser light and thereby activate or heat the active material vapor.