Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a movable lens structure that comprises the steps of: forming a lens from a lens material disposed on a carrier of another material (step 58), and forming a micromechanical structure from the carrier (step 60), wherein the forming of the lens takes place before the forming of the micromechanical structure. With this method a simplified production method is obtained that simplifies difficult compatibility requirements between micromechanics and lens that can otherwise be hard to meet.

Abstract: Multilayer microstructural device comprising a first and a second layer, which layers are aligned relative to each other by mating alignment structures. The first layer is a positive replication of a microstructural master comprising a number of microstructural elements, the second layer is a negative replication of the same microstructural master, and each pair of mating alignment structures originate from the same microstructural element on the master.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a movable lens structure that comprises the steps of: forming a lens from a lens material disposed on a carrier of another material (step 58), and forming a micromechanical structure from the carrier (step 60), wherein the forming of the lens takes place before the forming of the micromechanical structure. With this method a simplified production method is obtained that simplifies difficult compatibility requirements between micromechanics and lens that can otherwise be hard to meet.

Abstract: An opto-electronic A/D converter includes a tunable laser for wavelength modulating a narrowband coherent electromagnetic beam by the amplitude of the analog signal. A grating transforms the wavelength modulated beam into a corresponding angularly modulated beam. A set of kinoforms diffract the angularly modulated beam into a bundle of diffracted beams. Detectors determine the digital signal by repeatedly sampling the spatial power distribution of the diffracted beams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical measurement device, comprising first phase grating and second phase grating, a light source, and at least two optical detectors, said first and second gratings being stationary binary gratings on transparent carrier. The first phase grating is arranged to be reproduced on said second phase grating upon illumination with the light source, which reproduction is coherently achieved, so that periods of the image of the first phase grating and the second phase grating are in an integral relationship with respect to one another, and so that the grating lines of the image of one grating and the other grating are parallel. A relative positional displacement between the image of one phase grating on the other phase grating is registered by said at least two optical detectors.

Abstract: An opto-electronic A/D converter includes a tunable laser (10) for wavelength modulating a narrowband coherent electromagnetic beam by the amplitude of the analog signal. A grating (12) transforms the wavelength modulated beam into a corresponding angularly modulated beam. A set of kinoforms (14) diffract the angularly modulated beam into a bundle of diffracted beams. Detectors (18, 20) determine the digital signal by repeatedly sampling the spatial power distribution of the diffracted beams.

Abstract: A device for establishing the magnitude of irregularities at a surface includes a laser directing a beam of light, obliquely towards said surface, a photodetector mounted so as to catch a beam of light reflected from an irregularity at said surface, and a diffraction grating mounted in the path of a beam, mirror-image reflected from said surface and movable in relation thereto. The photodetector is provided with means for measuring the frequency and the amplitude of the time-dependent photocurrent caused by the interaction between the beam reflected from the irregularity and a further beam deflected by the diffraction grating from the mirror-image reflected beam.In a modified version the device may be used for measuring flow velocity, the laser and the photodetector being mounted to opposite sides of a flow path defined by transparent walls.