Abstract: This disclosure relates to sulfur sensors that utilize sensing materials that can be used to detect a wide range of concentrations including ultra low concentrations of sulfur in liquids, such as below even 15 ppm. The sulfur sensors comprise a sensing electrode having a material that contributes an electronic output to the analysis and a material that contributes an ionic output to the analysis.

Abstract: An ultraviolet sensor arrangement detects the amount of sulfur in a fuel of an internal combustion engine by emitting an ultraviolet light field in the presence of the fuel. A detector is disposed to detect a responsive amount of fluorescent light and provide a sensing signal indicative of the amount of sulfur in the fuel. A filter (or filters) receives the sensing signal and provides a filtered sensing signal to a sensing circuit.

Abstract: A wet milling process for the creation of a mineral carbonation precursor material containing alkaline earth metal silicate and an alkaline earth metal oxide and the combining of the mineral carbonation precursor material with exhaust gases containing CO2 and/or SO2 to create an exhaust gas deprived of CO2 and/or SO2 and a carbonated and/or sulfated product of the mineral carbonation precursor material.

Abstract: This patent disclosure relates to monitoring the quality of a reducing agent used in an emission-control system. Because emission-control systems may be used in extreme temperatures, the reducing agent used in these systems may be exposed to extreme temperatures for prolonged periods. This exposure may cause premature degradation of the reducing agent, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the emission-control system. To monitor the quality of the reducing agent, the disclosed systems and methods measure a property of the reducing agent, determine whether the measured property is out of compliance with a predetermined range, and provide a warning signal when the measured property is out of compliance.

Abstract: An ultraviolet sensor arrangement detects the amount of sulfur in a fuel of an internal combustion engine by emitting an ultraviolet light field in the presence of the fuel. A detector is disposed to detect a responsive amount of fluorescent light and provide a sensing signal indicative of the amount of sulfur in the fuel. A filter (or filters) receives the sensing signal and provides a filtered sensing signal to a sensing circuit.

Abstract: This patent disclosure relates to monitoring the quality of a reducing agent used in an emission-control system. Because emission-control systems may be used in extreme temperatures, the reducing agent used in these systems may be exposed to extreme temperatures for prolonged periods. This exposure may cause premature degradation of the reducing agent, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the emission-control system. To monitor the quality of the reducing agent, the disclosed systems and methods measure a property of the reducing agent, determine whether the measured property is out of compliance with a predetermined range, and provide a warning signal when the measured property is out of compliance.

Abstract: A system and method for treating exhaust gas are provided. The system has a source of combustion exhaust, a first fluid passageway and a second fluid passageway. The first fluid passageway directs combustion exhaust from the source into the atmosphere. The second fluid passageway directs combustion exhaust from the source back into the source. The system also has at least one sulfur-oxide-removing device. The sulfur-oxide-removing device is disposed within at least one of the first or second fluid passageways.