Abstract: Process for upgrading a paraffinic feedstock which includes: a) supplying the feedstock and an olefins-containing stream at a paraffin to olefin volume ratio greater than 2 to a reactor containing a zeolite-beta catalyst; and b) removing the upgraded product; wherein the process is operated at an olefin conversion of at least 90 mol % in an external circulation reactor having an extent of external circulation of liquid reactor content expressed as ##EQU1## of greater than 2 wherein .phi./v is the volumetric flow rate of feedstock and olefins-containing stream and .phi./vc is the volumetric external circulation flow rate, and upgraded products produced by the process.

Abstract: A process for the production of isoparaffins having 4 to 7 carbon atoms per molecule from synthesis gas comprising the following steps:a) Synthesis of a heavy paraffins-containing hydrocarbon mixture over a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst;b) Conversion of at least part of the heavy paraffins-containing hydrocarbon mixture over a bi-functional isomerization/hydrocracking catalyst under isomerization/hydrocracking conditions;c) Separation of normal paraffins from at least part of the isoparaffins-containing product of step (b);d) Recycling at least part of the normal paraffins to step (b) and withdrawing C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 isoparaffins as a product from the process.

Abstract: A process for the production of methanol by reacting a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst composition in the form of a fluidized bed whilst cooling, characterized in that the catalyst composition is present in a plurality of interconnected fluidized bed sections whereby each section is cooled by at least one heat exchanger and whereby the temperature in the highest section is reduced to below the highest temperature in a lower section.

Abstract: A process for the production of methanol by reacting a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst composition in a fluidized bed while cooling, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in a plurality of fluidized catalyst bed reactors in series with interstage removal of methanol from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Catalytic partial oxidation process for converting natural gas to synthesis gas in which the process operates at high temperature T>1000.degree. C. with entrained catalyst. Fine catalyst particles are transferred by means of a gas stream to a burner device which effects a rapid and intensive mixing of this gas stream with the reactants, e.g., natural gas, oxygen and steam. The catalyst entrained by the product gas stream is separated from this stream and recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: A process for the production of methanol comprising contacting a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a catalytic system, obtainable by combination of:component (a): a substantially dry nickel formate,component (b): water in a predetermined amount in relation to the nickel formate amount and,component (c): an alcoholate derived from an alkali metal or from an alkaline earth metal, and activation the combined components,and a catalyst system to be used in this process.Preferably the molar ratio between nickel formate and water is in the rate from 1:3.5 to 1:1 and more preferably from 1:3.0 to 1:1.5.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methanol by contacting CO and H.sub.2 with a novel catalytic system formed by combining (a) a nickel salt having a pK.sub.a <4.70, (b) an alcohol, and (c) a hydride of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is hydrocracked by contacting the feedstock in a first reaction stage at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen with a first hydrocracking catalyst to obtain a first effluent, separating from the first effluent a gaseous phase and a liquid phase at substantially the same temperature and pressure as prevailing in the first reaction stage, contacting the liquid phase of the first effluent in a second reaction stage at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen and a second hydrocracking catalyst to obtain a second effluent, obtaining at least one distillate fraction and a residual fraction from the combination of the gaseous phase and the second effluent by fractionation, and recycling at least a part of the residual fraction to a reaction stage.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methanol by contacting CO and H.sub.2 with a novel catalytic system formed by combining (a) a nickel salt of a carboxylic acid having a pK.sub.a >4.76, (b) an alcohol, and (c) a hydride of an alkaki metal or of an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A process for the production of methanol comprising contacting a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a catalytic system, obtainable by combination of:component (a): a substantially dry nickel formate,component (b): water in a predetermined amount in relation to the nickel formate amount and,component (c): an alcoholate derived from an alkali metal or from an alkaline earth metal, and activation the combined components,and a catalyst system to be used in this process.Preferably the molar ratio between nickel formate and water is in the range from 1:3.5 to 1:1 and more preferably from 1:3.0 to 1:1.5.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of methanol by the reaction of a carbon monoxide and hydrogen mixture obtained by steam reforming of light hydrocarbons in the liquid phase in the presence of the catalyst system obtainable by combination of at least:(a) the salt containing a cation of a metal of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements,(b) an alcoholate from an alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal, in a single pass through reactor, by conversion of the hydrogen-carbon monoxide gas mixture, which has been treated after steam treatment of natural gas by scrubbing carbon dioxide from the obtained gas mixture, and which has a hydrogen-carbon monoxide molar ratio in the range of from 2.8-4.5, and using the off-gas from the reaction after recovery of methanol as fuel to the reformer furnace.

Abstract: A process for the production of methanol comprising contacting a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a catalytic system, obtainable by combination of:component (a): a salt containing a cation of an element of Group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements,component (b): an alcohol, andcomponent (c): an alcoholate derived from an alkali metal or from an alkaline earth metal,and activation the combined components, and a catalyst system to be used in this process.

Abstract: A process for producing methanol which comprises the following consecutive steps:Step 1: Preparing a novel catalytic system by combining (a) a nickel (b) a hydride of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal, and (c) an ester of formic acid which originates from an external source, and allowing the combined components (a), (b) and (c) to react; andStep 2: Contacting a gaseous mixture of CO and H.sub.2 with the catalytic system prepared in step 1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methanol by contacting CO and H.sub.2 with a novel catalytic system formed by combining (a) a nickel salt of a carboxylic acid having a pK.sub.a >4.76, (b) an alcohol, and (c) a hydride of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methanol by contacting CO and H.sub.2 with a novel catalytic system formed by combining (a) a nickel salt having a pK.sub.a <4.70, (b) an alcohol, and (c) a hydride of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A catalyst composition which contains at least one metal from Group 2b and at least one metal from Group 6b of the Periodic Table of the Elements or compounds thereof and a crystalline aluminum silicate which is obtained by crystallizing an aqueous alkaline starting mixture comprising at least one silicon compound, at least one aluminum compound, at least one compound of a metal from Group 1a of the Periodic Table of the Elements (MX) and organic nitrogen compounds at an elevated temperature until said crystalline aluminum silicate is formed and subsequently separating crystalline aluminum silicate from the mother liquor, in which starting mixture the compounds are present in the following molar ratios:RN: R.sub.4 NY=1-1000,SiO.sub.2 : R.sub.4 NY=10-5000,SiO.sub.2 : Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 =50-300,SiO.sub.2 : MX<15, andH.sub.2 O: SiO.sub.2 =5-100,where RN represents a pyridine and R.sub.4 NY represents an organic quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: A process for producing methanol which comprises the following consecutive steps:Step 1: Preparing a novel catalytic system by combining (a) a nickel (b) a hydride of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal, and (c) an ester of formic acid which originates from an external source, and allowing the combined components (a), (b) and (c) to react; andStep 2: Contacting a gaseous mixture of CO and H.sub.2 with the catalytic system prepared in step 1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbons by reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen over a supported cobalt catalyst in a fixed bed reactor downflow operation with recycle of a heavy hydrocarbon liquid over the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing synthesis gas by catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons with steam in a reaction zone which is subjected to heat exchange with a combustion gas and recycling heat exchanged combustion gas to a combustion zone. The invention further relates to an apparatus suitable for said process.

Abstract: C.sub.4.sup.- hydrocarbons are converted into syngas with a H.sub.2 /CO molar ratio between 0.25 and 2.25 by reforming at a pressure above 10 bar in the presence of specified amounts of carbon dioxide and steam followed by conversion of the syngas into C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons over a cobalt-containing catalyst or a catalyst combination comprising a cobalt-containing catalyst and having CO-shift activity.