Abstract: The present disclosure describes using Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to determine whether a host is behind a PE or not behind a PE. In a use case, for example, advertising a Selective Provider Multicast Service Interface Auto-Discovery (S-PMSI-AD) route to advertise encapsulation of a multicast group is triggered by receiving multicast traffic for that group from a host device behind the provider edge (PE) device. Multicast traffic received from behind remote PEs will not trigger a S-PMSI-AD route.

Abstract: Advertising a Selective Provider Multicast Service Interface Auto-Discovery (S-PMSI-AD) route to advertise encapsulation of a multicast group is triggered by receiving multicast traffic for that group from a host device behind the provider edge (PE) device. Multicast traffic received from behind remote PEs will not trigger a S-PMSI-AD route. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to determine whether a host is behind a PE or not behind a PE.

Abstract: A method and computer software for recording educational development of a student. The method can include demonstrating a plurality of concepts to a student, allowing the student to choose to practice any one or more of the plurality of concepts while an instructor observes the student and records the number of times the student choses to practice each concept. When the student has not acquired the concept within a predetermined number of practice attempts, the instructor can demonstrate the concept to the student again—optionally by demonstrating the concept in a different manner. The method can include a student who appears to have acquired a concept teaching the concept to a student who has not acquired the concept. When the student is teaching the concept, the student can again be observed and reevaluated to see if the student truly has acquired the concept.

Abstract: Peer devices in a peer group of provider edge devices to which a customer edge device is multi-homed, advertise Selective Multicast Ethernet Tag (SMET) routes to other peer devices on a core to receive traffic addressed to a multicast group. The peer devices in the peer group advertise the SMET routes irrespective of whether they are the designated forwarder or not. A peer device receiving traffic for the multicast group will drop the packet if it is not the designated forwarder and will forward the packet if it is the designated forwarder.

Abstract: A first network device is configured with a rule preventing network traffic from travelling from the first network device to one or more other network devices. The first network device is configured to receive and distribute network traffic to the one or more other network devices. A second network device receives and distributes network traffic to the one or more other network devices. The first network device determines that the second network device has failed. In response to determining that the second network device has failed, the first network device removes the rule so that the first network device receives and distributes network traffic to the one or more other network devices.

Abstract: A first network device is configured with a rule preventing network traffic from travelling from the first network device to one or more other network devices. The first network device is configured to receive and distribute network traffic to the one or more other network devices. A second network device receives and distributes network traffic to the one or more other network devices. The first network device determines that the second network device has failed. In response to determining that the second network device has failed, the first network device removes the rule so that the first network device receives and distributes network traffic to the one or more other network devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pill tray that allows a user to efficiently and reliably verify the contents of a filled prescription. Design features that avoid the presence of sharp edges and allow visualization of the entire surface of the pill tray help reduce and/or eliminate the risk of commingling of pills between separate prescriptions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pill tray that allows a user to efficiently and reliably verify the contents of a filled prescription. Design features that avoid the presence of sharp edges and allow visualization of the entire surface of the pill tray help reduce and/or eliminate the risk of commingling of pills between separate prescriptions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pill tray that allows a user to efficiently and reliably verify the contents of an automatically filled prescription. Design features that avoid the presence of sharp edges and allow visualization of the entire surface of the pill tray help reduce and/or eliminate the risk of commingling of pills between separate prescriptions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pill tray that allows a user to efficiently and reliably verify the contents of an automatically filled prescription. Design features that avoid the presence of sharp edges and allow visualization of the entire surface of the pill tray help reduce and/or eliminate the risk of commingling of pills between separate prescriptions.