Abstract: The present invention pertains to a multilayer bag for receiving a powder material. A tubular wall is provided to have, once the bag is filled with the powder material and stacked, stacking sections which face upward and downward and side sections which face laterally. The tubular wall has an inner plastic liner with vents along at least one of the side sections to allow stacking pressure to expel air through the vents. There is also a first paper layer contiguous with the inner plastic liner, then a humidity barrier layer non-adjacent with the inner plastic liner; and at least one outer paper layer. The placement of the vents and the non-adjacent humidity barrier facilitate expulsion of air via the vents during and after stacking and avoid inadvertent sealing melt bonding between the humidity barrier and the inner liner.

Abstract: There is described a bag for being manipulated by a lifting element, including a tube portion defined by at least two opposed side walls and two opposed end sections. The first end section closes the tube portion for defining a cavity and the second end section includes at least one flap extending from one of the side walls to be connected to the other side wall. There is a slot defined beneath and parallel to the flap in between the opposed side walls for receiving the lifting element, the flap and the slot thereby defining a handle. There is also one or more reinforcement members, such as a strip of HDPE or the like, each applied to and extending between the flap and the corresponding side wall. The reinforcement strip resists tearing of the handle when the bag is lifted.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal such as palladium release a photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light. A light ignitable, energetic composition is produced by mixing one of them with an energetic material such as carbon black powder or ammonium perchlorate.

Abstract: Metal catalyst particles are deposited on carbon nanotubes by preparing a silane solution of a metal catalyst salt, e.g. platinum or ruthenium chloride, immersing an electrically conducting substrate carrying nanotubes in the silane solution to yield a composite structure of substrate, nanotubes and catalyst, and reducing the composite structure to yield a composite of substrate, carbon nanotubes and metallic catalyst particles.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal such as palladium release a photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light. A light ignitable, energetic composition is produced by mixing one of them with an energetic material such as black powder or ammonium perchlorate.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are formed on carbon paper by first depositing a metal catalyst on the carbon paper, and passing a feedstock gas containing a source of carbon over the substrate while applying an electrical current thereto to heat the substrate sufficiently to generate a reaction between the catalyst and the feedstock gas. Alternatively, inert gas under pressure is passed through a tubular metal cathode while passing an electric current through the cathode to produce a plasma of fine catalyst particles which are deposited on a porous carbon substrate, and a feedstock gas containing a source of carbon is passed over the substrate to cause a reaction between the catalyst and the carbon source resulting in the formation of carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Metal catalyst particles are deposited on carbon nanotubes by preparing a silane solution of a metal catalyst salt, e.g. platinum or ruthenium chloride, immersing an electrically conducting substrate carrying nanotubes in the silane solution to yield a composite structure of substrate, nanotubes and catalyst, and reducing the composite structure to yield a composite of substrate, carbon nanotubes and metallic catalyst particles.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are produced using a silane procedure, in which a substrate such as carbon paper or stainless steel mesh is immersed in a silane solution of a metal catalyst, preferable Co:Ni in a 1:1 ratio; and a feedstock gas containing a carbon source such as ethylene is fed through the substrate and the catalyst deposited thereon while the substrate is heated by applying an electrical current thereto. Thus, a reaction occurs between the catalyst and the gas to yield carbon nanotubes supported on the conductive substrate. These composite electrodes may be used in electrochemistry or in field emitting applications.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes and activated carbon containing a metal such as palladium release a photoacoustic effect when subjected to a flash of light. A light ignitable, energetic composition is produced by mixing one of them with an energetic material such as carbon black powder or ammonium perchlorate.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are produced using a silane procedure, in which a substrate such as carbon paper or stainless steel mesh is immersed in a silane solution of a metal catalyst, preferable Co:Ni in a 1:1 ratio; and a feedstock gas containing a carbon source such as ethylene is fed through the substrate and the catalyst deposited thereon while the substrate is heated by applying an electrical current thereto. Thus, a reaction occurs between the catalyst and the gas to yield carbon nanotubes supported on the conductive substrate. These composite electrodes may be used in electrochemistry or in field emitting applications.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are formed on carbon paper by first depositing a metal catalyst on the carbon paper, and passing a feedstock gas containing a source of carbon over the substrate while applying an electrical current thereto to heat the substrate sufficiently to generate a reaction between the catalyst and the feedstock gas. Alternatively, inert gas under pressure is passed through a tubular metal cathode while passing an electric current through the cathode to produce a plasma of fine catalyst particles which are deposited on a porous carbon substrate, and a feedstock gas containing a source of carbon is passed over the substrate to cause a reaction between the catalyst and the carbon source resulting in the formation of carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: An energetic copolyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (ETPE) is prepared by polymerizing a dihydroxyl terminated telechelic energetic polymer having a functionality of two or less with a diisocyanate at a NCO/OH ratio of about 0.7 to 1.2. The resulting copolymer is easy to incorporate in gun propellant or explosive formulations and is recyclable. These energetic copolyurethane thermoplastic elastomers were obtained mainly by macropolymerization of GAP prepolymers with 4,4′-methylenebis-phenyl isocyanate (MDI). In these syntheses, GAPs having molecular weights of 500, 1000 and 2000 were used as macromonomers and polymerized with MDI to yield three different copolyurethane thermoplastic elastomers. This process may be applied to any dihydroxyl terminated energetic prepolymers. The hard segments of the ETPE are obtained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the urethane groups.