Abstract: A process of producing a transgenic multi-cellular plants or parts thereof expressing a trait of interest, said trait having a controlled distribution of said trait to progeny, wherein said process comprises (i) producing a first plant or a cell thereof having in a first locus of a nuclear chromosome a first heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a first fragment of a nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, (ii) producing a second plant or a cell thereof having in a second locus of a nuclear chromosome homologous to said nuclear chromosome of step (i), a second heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a second fragment of the nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, and (iii) hybridising said first and said second plant or cells thereof to generate progeny exhibiting said functional trait of interest due to binding between a protein or polypeptide encoded by said first heterologous nucleotide sequence and a protein or polypeptide encoded by said second heterologous nucleotide

Abstract: A method of controlling a genetically-modified plant or plant cells, said method comprising the following steps: (a) providing a genetically-modified plant or plant cells, said plant or plant cells containing a heterologous nucleic add encoding a first polypeptide containing or consisting of a first fragment of a protein, (b) introducing a second polypeptide into cells of said genetically-modified plant or plant cells, said second polypeptide containing (i) a second fragment of said protein and (ii) a peptide sequence enabling the introduction of said second polypeptide into cells of said genetically-modified plant or plant cells, whereby said first fragment and said second fragment jointly generate a predetermined function of said protein only when jointly present.

Abstract: A method of controlling a genetically-modified multi-cellular organism or a part thereof, comprising the following steps: (a) providing a multi-cellular organism or a part thereof, whereby cells of said multi-cellular organism or said part contain a heterologous nucleic acid, (b) causing expression of a I protein from said heterologous nucleic acid in at least some of said cells, wherein said protein is capable of (i) leaving a cell and entering other cells of said multi-cellular organism or a part thereof, (ii) causing expression of said protein in cells containing said heterologous nucleic acid, and optionally (iii) controlling a cellular process of interest.

Abstract: A process of producing a protein of interest by expression of said protein of interest from a sequence of interest in a plant or in plant leaves, comprising: (a) transfecting said plant or said plant leaves by infiltrating said plant or said plant leaves with an Agrobacterium strain in the presence of a complementing factor, said Agrobacterium strain containing in T-DNA a heterologous DNA sequence having a sequence portion encoding a replicon, wherein said sequence encoding a replicon contains sequences necessary for replicon function of said replicon, said sequences being derived from a plant virus, and said sequence of interest to be expressed from said replicon, (b) optionally isolating said protein of interest from said plant or said plant leaves infiltrated in step (a), wherein said Agrobacterium strain is provided with a first genetic modification rendering said Agrobacterium strain defective for transfecting organisms with said T-DNA in the absence of said complementing factor.

Abstract: A process of causing a targeted integration of DNA of interest into a plant cell nuclear genome, comprising; i) providing plant cells with an amplification vector, or a precursor thereof, capable of autonomous replication in plant cells, said vector comprising; a) DNA sequence(s) encoding an origin of replication functional in plant cells, b) DNA sequence(s) necessary for site-specific and/or homologous recombination between the vector and a host nuclear DNA, and c) optionally, further DNA of interest; ii) optionally providing conditions that facilitate vector amplification and/or cell to cell movement and/or site-specific and/or homologous recombination, and iii) selecting cells having undergone recombination at a predetermined site in the plant nuclear DNA.

Abstract: A method of controlling a genetically-modified plant, comprising (a) providing a genetically-modified plant, whereby cells of said genetically-modified plant contain a heterologous nucleic acid and whereby said genetically-modified plant is inactive with regard to a cellular process of interest, (b) switching on said cellular process of interest by directly introducing a polypeptide from a cell-free composition into cells containing said heterologous nucleic acid wherein said polypeptide and said heterologous nucleic acid are mutually adapted such that said polypeptide is capable of switching on said cellular process of interest.

Abstract: A process of inserting a nucleic acid sequence of interest into an acceptor nucleic acid, comprising the following steps: amplifying by PCR a DNA comprising in the following order a sequence segment U, a nucleic acid sequence segment of known nucleotide sequence K2 and a nucleic acid sequence segment of known sequence K3 using a forward primer defining a first end of the amplified DNA and a reverse primer defining a second end of the amplified DNA, said reverse primer terminating at its 3?-end in a nucleotide sequence of nucleic acid sequence segment K3; treating the linear double-stranded DNA molecules contained in the PCR product obtained in the previous step with an exonuclease to obtain a single-stranded overhang at the first end of the DNA and a single-stranded overhang comprising nucleic acid segments K2 and K3 at the second end of the DNA; and annealing the product of the previous step to a linearized double-stranded acceptor nucleic acid having at a first end thereof a single-stranded overhang comp

Abstract: This invention provides a process of amplification and/or expression of a sequence of interest in a cell by providing for generating within the cell at least one amplicon by trans-splicing between an RNA sequence designed for being capable of trans-splicing and a target RNA, whereby the amplicon is capable of amplifying in the cell and capable of expressing a sequence of interest.

Abstract: A process of producing a protease in a plant or in plant cells, comprising (a) providing a plant comprising a heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a coding sequence encoding a fusion protein, said fusion protein comprising: an apoplast or plastid signal peptide; a SUMO protein or a derivative of a SUMO protein; and a zymogen of said protease, and (b) expressing said fusion protein.

Abstract: A process of producing a transgenic multi-cellular plants or parts thereof expressing a trait of interest, said trait having a controlled distribution of said trait to progeny, wherein said process comprises (i) producing a first plant or a cell thereof having in a first locus of a nuclear chromosome a first heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a first fragment of a nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, (ii) producing a second plant or a cell thereof having in a second locus of a nuclear chromosome homologous to said nuclear chromosome of step (i), a second heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a second fragment of the nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, and (iii) hybridising said first and said second plant or cells thereof to generate progeny exhibiting said functional trait of interest due to binding between a protein or polypeptide encoded by said first heterologous nucleotide sequence and a protein or polypeptide encoded by said second heterologous nucleotide

Abstract: A process of the production of a product of interest in an F1 seed obtained by a hybridization of a first and a second transgenic parental plant, said hybridization generating a genetic endowment in said F1 seed for said production by combining in said F1 seed first and second partial genetic endowments of said first and second transgenic parental plants, followed by isolating said product of interest from said F1 seed or a seedling thereof.

Abstract: Nucleic acid comprising or encoding an RNA replica comprising, in this order, the following segments (i) to (iii): i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a potexvirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or a function-conservative variant thereof; ii) a nucleic acid sequence comprising: a) a potexvirus triple gene block or a function-conservative variant thereof and b) a sequence encoding a potexviral coat protein or a function-conservative variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a tobago viral movement protein; and iii) a heterologous nucleic acid sequence expressible from said replica in a plant or in plant tissue.

Abstract: A process of producing a transgenic multi-cellular plants or parts thereof expressing a trait of interest, said trait having a controlled distribution of said trait to progeny, wherein said process comprises (i) producing a first plant or a cell thereof having in a first locus of a nuclear chromosome a first heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a first fragment of a nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, (ii) producing a second plant or a cell thereof having in a second locus of a nuclear chromosome homologous to said nuclear chromosome of step (i), a second heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a second fragment of the nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, and (iii) hybridising said first and said second plant or cells thereof to generate progeny exhibiting said functional trait of interest due to binding between a protein or polypeptide encoded by said first heterologous nucleotide sequence and a protein or polypeptide encoded by said second heterologous nucleotide

Abstract: A process of producing a transgenic multi-cellular plant or animal organism expressing a trait of interest and having a controlled distribution of said trait to progeny, wherein said process comprises hybridising a first multi-cellular organism or a cell thereof having a first heterologous DNA sequence comprising a first fragment of a nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest and a second multi-cellular organism or a cell thereof having a second heterologous DNA sequence comprising a second fragment of the nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, whereby said first and said second heterologous sequences are designed such that said trait of interest arises due to RNA trans-splicing after said hybridation.

Abstract: A process of producing one or more than one protein of interest, comprising: (a) providing a plant or plant cells comprising a first heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an RNA replicon, and a first inducible promoter operably linked to said nucleotide sequence encoding said RNA replicon; said RNA replicon not encoding a protein providing for cell-to-cell movement of said RNA replicon in said plant; said RNA replicon encoding a polymerase and said one or more than one protein of interest, said polymerase being adapted for replicating said RNA replicon; and (b) inducing, in said plant or plant cells of step (a), said inducible promoter, thereby producing said one or more than one protein of interest in said plant or plant cells.

Abstract: A process of producing transgenic plants or plant cells stably transformed on a chromosome with a DNA sequence of interest and capable of expressing a function of interest from said DNA sequence of interest, said process comprising (a) providing plant cells or plants with at least two different vectors, whereby (i) said at least two different vectors are adapted to recombine with each other by site-specific recombination in said plant cells for producing a non-replicating recombination product containing said DNA sequence of interest, (ii) said at least two different vectors are adapted for integrating said DNA sequence of interest into said chromosome, (iii) said DNA sequence of interest contains sequence portions from at least two of said at least two different vectors, said sequence portions being necessary for expressing said function of interest from said DNA sequence of interest; and (b) selecting plants or plant cells expressing said function of interest.

Abstract: Process of producing in a plant, in plant tissue, or in plant cells a hetero-oligomeric protein comprising at least a first and a second protein subunit, said process comprising expressing in plant cells at least said first and said second protein subunit by (i) providing to said plant, said plant tissue or said plant cells a plus-sense single-stranded RNA viral vector encoding at least said first and said second protein subunit or (ii) providing to said plant, said plant tissue or said plant cells a first and a second plus-sense single-stranded RNA viral vector, said first viral vector encoding at least said first protein subunit, said second viral vector encoding at least said second protein subunit, whereby at least said first viral vector and said second viral vector are non-competing viral vectors.

Abstract: A process of purifying a protein of interest using viral particles or virus-like particles comprising a plurality of fusion protein molecules, said fusion protein comprising the following fusion protein domains: (i) a plant viral coat protein, (ii) a recombinant protein, and (iii) optionally a peptide linker linking said plant viral coat protein and said recombinant protein, wherein formation of said viral particle does not require free viral coat protein.

Abstract: A process of producing a protein of interest by expression of said protein of interest from a sequence of interest in a plant or in plant leaves, comprising: (a) transfecting said plant or said plant leaves by infiltrating said plant or said plant leaves with an Agrobacterium strain in the presence of a complementing factor, said Agrobacterium strain containing in T-DNA a heterologous DNA sequence having a sequence portion encoding a replicon, wherein said sequence encoding a replicon contains sequences necessary for replicon function of said replicon, said sequences being derived from a plant virus, and said sequence of interest to be expressed from said replicon, (b) isolating said protein of interest from said plant or said plant leaves infiltrated in step (a), wherein said Agrobacterium strain is provided with a first genetic modification rendering said Agrobacterium strain defective for transfecting organisms with said T-DNA in the absence of said complementing factor.

Abstract: A process for replicating or for replicating and expressing a sequence of interest in a plant, comprising: (i) an RNA replicon or a precursor thereof, said RNA replicon being derived from a plus-sense single stranded RNA virus and comprising at least one sequence of interest; and (ii) a helper replicon, or a precursor thereof, wherein said helper replicon is (a) incapable of systemic movement in said plant both in the presence and in the absence of said RNA replicon (i) and (b) capable of expressing in a plant one or more proteins necessary for systemic movement of said RNA replicon (i), whereby said RNA replicon (i) is capable of replicating or replicating and expressing said sequence of interest in said plant, but unable to move systemically in said plant in the absence of said one or more proteins expressed by said helper replicon (ii).