Abstract: A method for detecting change points, CPs, in a signal of a process automation system, includes, in an offline learning phase, unsupervised, candidate CPs on at least one offline signal using unsupervised detection method are detected, CPs are selected from the candidate CPs; the selected CPs are provided to a supervised process; in the supervised process, an offline machine-learning (ML) system is trained to refine CPs from the selected CPs using a supervised machine learning method; a training data set for an online ML system is created using the offline ML system by projecting the refined CPs on the signal; the online ML system is trained in a supervised manner, using the created training data set; and after the offline learning phase, CPs are detected using the trained online ML system.

Abstract: Tin-containing grey pigments of high opacity, processes for their preparation and use thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for leveling the surface of a strip of paper. The apparatus has at least two rollers forming a roller pair, which can be pressed against the strip of paper guided between them with an adjustable force by means of a load device. At least one roller may have a surface which can be influenced by means of a temperature device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for influencing the fibers in the uppermost layer of a fibrous web lying on a screen, for example, in applying a watermark or evening the surface of the web, wherein a surface compression is exerted on the web by a screen roller and a second screen guided around the screen roller. The surface compression is maintained over a variable time period and causes a water film to appear on the upper surface of the web, in which the fiber density is much less than in the web prior to the surface compression. This water layer is forcibly aspirated from the web and the fibers therein thus experience a reorientation and become set in desired positions.