Abstract: A method for detecting change points, CPs, in a signal of a process automation system, includes, in an offline learning phase, unsupervised, candidate CPs on at least one offline signal using unsupervised detection method are detected, CPs are selected from the candidate CPs; the selected CPs are provided to a supervised process; in the supervised process, an offline machine-learning (ML) system is trained to refine CPs from the selected CPs using a supervised machine learning method; a training data set for an online ML system is created using the offline ML system by projecting the refined CPs on the signal; the online ML system is trained in a supervised manner, using the created training data set; and after the offline learning phase, CPs are detected using the trained online ML system.

Abstract: Techniques for differentiating isobaric species are described. An isobaric species may be substituted with a tagging species identified using mass spectrometry. The isobaric species may be a subunit of a first polymer having a defined sequence, e.g., the isobaric species may be an amino acid in a protein or a peptide sequence. A tagging species may be substituted for the isobaric species in a second polymer having an otherwise identical sequence as the first polymer. The second polymer may have the same number of sequences as the first polymer, and substantially the same sequence of subunits, with a few exceptions such as the tagging species for the isobaric species. The first polymer and the second polymer may be prepared in the same reaction vessel. A polymer/protein of defined subunit sequence containing an isobaric species or a tagging species may be analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine the sequence.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to various peptides and particles, for example, for use in screening of particle- or bead-based peptide libraries. In one aspect, the present invention is generally directed to articles including peptides attached to one or more particles, which may have structures such as (particle)-M-Q-Zn-X-J, (particle)-M-Q-Zn—X1—X2—X3—X4—X5-J, (particle)-M-R—Zn—X1—X2—X3—X4—X5-J, (particle)-M-R—X1—X2—X3—X4—X5Zn-Q-J, (particle)-M-X1—X2—X—3X4—X5—Zn—R-J, etc., where M is a methionine residue, M1 is a cleavable linker residue, Q is a group able to enhance intensity and/or sensitivity of mass spectrometry, X comprises one or more amino acid residues, n is a positive integer, Z is a covalent bond or a spacer, and J is an end-group. In some embodiments, the spacer may comprise a structure such as:(I). Other aspects of the present invention generally relate to methods of using such articles, e.g.

Abstract: Techniques for differentiating isobaric species are described. An isobaric species may be substituted with a tagging species identified using mass spectrometry. The isobaric species may be a subunit of a first polymer having a defined sequence, e.g., the isobaric species may be an amino acid in a protein or a peptide sequence. A tagging species may be substituted for the isobaric species in a second polymer having an otherwise identical sequence as the first polymer. The second polymer may have the same number of sequences as the first polymer, and substantially the same sequence of subunits, with a few exceptions such as the tagging species for the isobaric species. The first polymer and the second polymer may be prepared in the same reaction vessel. A polymer/protein of defined subunit sequence containing an isobaric species or a tagging species may be analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine the sequence.

Abstract: Described herein are inventive compositions and methods relating to sampling of biopolymers and, in particular, to fractional sampling of biopolymers. In one aspect, embodiments are generally related to unique biopolymer species where a fraction of each biopolymer species contains a cleavable linker. The biopolymer species may, in some embodiments, be attached to a surface. For example, the biopolymer species may be attached to beads. In some embodiments, a portion of a unique biopolymer species may be sampled by cleaving the cleavable linker. In some cases, the sample may be analyzed to determine the sequence of the biopolymer.