Abstract: A gas sensor element is composed of a sensor section, a heater section, and a porous protective layer. The sensor section is composed of a solid electrolyte layer and a pair of electrodes. The heater section heats the sensor section to activate it. The porous protective layer covers surfaces of the sensor section and the heater section of the gas sensor element in a gas sensor which is exposed to a target detection gas to be detected. The porous protective layer is made of a mixture of hydrophobic heat resisting particles having a contact angle of not less than 75° to a drop of water, and the hydrophilic heat resisting particles having a contact angle not more than 30° to a drop of water. A gas sensor equipped with the above gas sensor element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gas sensor element is composed of a sensor section, a heater section, and a porous protective layer. The sensor section is composed of a solid electrolyte layer and a pair of electrodes. The heater section heats the sensor section to activate it. The porous protective layer covers surfaces of the sensor section and the heater section of the gas sensor element in a gas sensor which is exposed to a target detection gas to be detected. The porous protective layer is made of a mixture of hydrophobic heat resisting particles having a contact angle of not less than 75° to a drop of water, and the hydrophilic heat resisting particles having a contact angle not more than 30° to a drop of water. A gas sensor equipped with the above gas sensor element is also disclosed.

Abstract: That is an electronically controlled throttle device comprising a throttle valve held rotatably in a throttle body; an actuator for driving the throttle valve; a return spring which gives a force to return the throttle valve in the full open direction; a throttle position sensor for detecting the opening of the throttle valve; and a throttle actuator control unit for driving the actuator based on the opening of the throttle valve detected by the throttle position sensor and a target opening. Wherein the throttle actuator control unit is provided with a control means which controls the actuator, when EGR control or DPF control has ended, so that the throttle valve turns toward the full open position in a longer period of time than the length of time in which the throttle valve is turned toward the full open position by the return spring only.

Abstract: That is an electronically controlled throttle device comprising a throttle valve held rotatably in a throttle body; an actuator for driving the throttle valve; a return spring which gives a force to return the throttle valve in the full open direction; a throttle position sensor for detecting the opening of the throttle valve; and a throttle actuator control unit for driving the actuator based on the opening of the throttle valve detected by the throttle position sensor and a target opening. Wherein the throttle actuator control unit is provided with a control means which controls the actuator, when EGR control or DPF control has ended, so that the throttle valve turns toward the full open position in a longer period of time than the length of time in which the throttle valve is turned toward the full open position by the return spring only.

Abstract: Even in such an arrangement in which the throttle valve is operated independently of the engine control system, abnormal engine behavior is ensured to be detected such that a necessary fail-safe operation should be taken. The arrangement of the invention is comprised of the electronically controlled throttle system, engine control system and engine speed monitoring unit, wherein the electronically controlled throttle system is allowed to monitor engine behaviors. Thereby, in the case when the throttle valve is operated independently of the engine control system, if its engine behavior becomes abnormal relative to its drive contents, the engine system senses the abnormality, and takes a fail-safe operation such as to stop operation of the throttle valve and the like.

Abstract: An electronic control throttle body has a default mechanism for securing the self-propelling of a vehicle at the time of faulty. A throttle control unit controls the position of a throttle valve by using a motor on the basis of a target throttle valve opening degree obtained by an engine control unit. In this respect, when the target throttle valve opening degree inputted from the engine control unit crosses over a default opening degree f0 of a default mechanism, an integration value having been added is set to 0, and an integration value having been calculated hereinafter is added to the set value to thereby perform a feedback control.

Abstract: Even in such an arrangement in which the throttle valve is operated independently of the engine control system, abnormal engine behavior is ensured to be detected such that a necessary fail-safe operation should be taken. The arrangement of the invention is comprised of the electronically controlled throttle system, engine control system and engine speed monitoring unit, wherein the electronically controlled throttle system is allowed to monitor engine behaviors. Thereby, in the case when the throttle valve is operated independently of the engine control system, if its engine behavior becomes abnormal relative to its drive contents, the engine system senses the abnormality, and takes a fail-safe operation such as to stop operation of the throttle valve and the like.

Abstract: Even in such an arrangement in which the throttle valve is operated independently of the engine control system, abnormal engine behavior is ensured to be detected such that a necessary fail-safe operation should be taken. The arrangement of the invention is comprised of the electronically controlled throttle system, engine control system and engine speed monitoring unit, wherein the electronically controlled throttle system is allowed to monitor engine behaviors. Thereby, in the case when the throttle valve is operated independently of the engine control system, if its engine behavior becomes abnormal relative to its drive contents, the engine system senses the abnormality, and takes a fail-safe operation such as to stop operation of the throttle valve and the like.

Abstract: A throttle valve control system and a control method thereof prevents an output of throttle sensors from becoming discontinuous at a point of switching the throttle sensors, and obtains a continuous output over the whole range of the sensor output, and accordingly can perform highly accurate throttle control. The system includes a first A/D converter for converting an output signal of a throttle sensor into a digital signal, an amplifier for amplifying the output signal of the throttle sensor, a second A/D converter for converting the amplified output signal into a digital signal and an amplification factor adjuster for receiving outputs from one or the other of the A/D converters and scaling the received output signal. A correction is provided for the amplification factor of the adjuster whereby a continuous actual opening degree signal without any step is obtainable over the entire range of the throttle sensor output.