Abstract: A primary forming member is associated with a secondary supporting structure to allow rapid construction of elongate concrete structures of uniform cross-section by removing the primary forming member before the concrete mass supported by the secondary supporting structure is set or self-supporting. The primary forming member provides plural spaced forming arches, foldable for transport, and supported for vertical motion on a carriage providing for horizontal motion along the axis of symmetry of the formed structure. The primary forming member supports a plurality of spaced support arches of the secondary supporting structure with a plurality of cross elements therebetween to support rigid panels that create a forming surface for plastic concrete and remain as a part of a formed concrete structure to provide insulation. The forming system forms a self-supporting arched concrete surface with spaced depending arches by being sequentially moved axially therealong.

Abstract: A compound washer, for use with cylindrical concrete form tie rods having plural spaced flattened portions, that may be positioned by slidable motion along the tie rod and releasably maintained on a particular flattened portion against further lineal displacement. The washer provides a larger truncated conical body that threadedly engages and carries within its forward portion a fastening collar engaged on the flattened portion of a tie rod. The washer provides an elongate shape to create an indentation concrete to allow sub-surface breaking of a tie rod beneath a formed concrete surface.