Abstract: An optical modulator structure in a photonic integrated circuit includes an L-shaped P-N junction at an optical mode of the optical modulator structure (e.g., an area of the optical modulator structure in which light is generated). The L-shaped P-N junction provides increased area of overlap of the P-N junction at the optical mode relative to another type of junction, such as a horizontal junction or I-shaped junction. The increased area of overlap may enable the optical modulator structure to achieve a greater modulation efficiency.

Abstract: The semiconductor package substrate module including a substrate, a plurality of first wires, at least one second wire, a chip, and an encapsulating body, wherein the first wires electrically connect to a first electrical contact point of the substrate and a second electrical contact point of the chip. Besides, one end of the at least one second wire connects to the at least one grounding transfer area or a first ground contact point of the substrate, and another end of the second wire extends toward a cutting area. The encapsulating body encapsulates the substrate, the first and second wires, and the chip. The semiconductor package substrate module is cut and separated along the cutting area of the substrate to form a plurality of semiconductor packaging components. A side surface of the encapsulating body exposes the first wires or at least one second wire of each semiconductor packaging component.

Abstract: A card reader and an electronic protection module thereof are provided. The electronic protection module includes a circuit substrate, a first outer cover, a second outer cover, first communicated pieces, second communicated pieces, a first soft circuit board, and a second soft circuit board. The first soft circuit board covers a magnetic-card signal reading element located on a surface of the circuit substrate, the second soft circuit board covers a chip-card signal reading element located on the other surface of the circuit substrate, and the first outer cover and the second outer cover respectively cover the outside of the first soft circuit board and the outside of the second soft circuit board, to achieve a coating function of a stereoscopic box shape. Two sides of the circuit substrate are covered for protection, so that the card reader having card swiping and card inserting functions is provided with a protection mechanism.