Abstract: A package structure includes a first carrier, a second carrier, and a first electronic device. The first carrier is electrically connected to a first voltage. The second carrier includes a first substrate and a first interconnect structure. The first substrate is in contact with the first carrier, the first interconnect structure is electrically connected to a second voltage, and the first interconnect structure and the first carrier are deposited on two opposite sides of the first substrate. The first electronic device is deposited on the first interconnect structure and away from the first carrier. The first electronic device is in contact with the first interconnect structure.

Abstract: An electrochemical double-cell plate for exhaust emissions control is used to purify a lean-burn exhaust and comprises a substrate made of a metal or an alloy and having a reducing capability; a solid-oxide layer; a side layer; and a cathode layer. The solid-oxide layer and the side layer join to seal the substrate and respectively have a first dense structure and a second dense structure. The cathode layer completely covers the solid-oxide layer, made of a porous material and having an oxidizing environment. The oxidizing environment and the reducing capability generate an electromotive force between the substrate and the cathode layer. The electromotive force promotes sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides of the lean-burn exhaust to decompose into sulfur vapor, oxygen and nitrogen. An electrochemical apparatus using the same for exhaust emissions control is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrochemical double-cell plate for exhaust emissions control is used to purify an oxygen-rich combustion waste gas and comprises a substrate made of a metal or an alloy and having a reducing capability; a solid-state oxide layer; a boundary layer; and a cathode layer. The solid-state oxide layer and the boundary layer cooperate to seal the substrate and respectively have a first compact microstructure and a second compact microstructure. The cathode layer completely covers the solid-state oxide layer, made of a porous material and having an oxidizing environment. The oxidizing environment and the reducing capability generate an electromotive force between the substrate and the cathode layer. The electromotive force drives sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides of the oxygen-rich combustion waste gas to decompose into sulfur vapor, oxygen and nitrogen. An electrochemical apparatus using the same for exhaust emissions control is also disclosed.