Abstract: A gear train mechanism of a timepiece is formed by a gear having an involute tooth profile, which is easily manufactured, and a pinion that meshes with the gear. In order to reduce a fluctuation in torque to be transmitted, a gear train mechanism of a timepiece includes a gear including a tooth having a tooth profile of an involute curve and a pinion including a tooth meshing with the tooth of the gear to transmit and receive a torque, wherein the torque to be transmitted from the gear to the pinion is substantially constant at least in a part of a first half of a meshing period of the gear and the pinion.

Abstract: An escapement for a timepiece includes an escape wheel that rotates about a shaft center and a pallet that oscillates. The escape wheel includes fifteen teeth. The pallet includes an entry pallet jewel and an exit pallet jewel that switch the rotation and stop of the escape wheel and receive torque from the escape wheel by contacting the teeth. The escape wheel and a balance (an impulse pin) apply and receive torque only via the pallet. The pallet includes a third pallet jewel (a torque applying and receiving member) that receives torque from a convex portion of the escape wheel in addition to the entry pallet jewel and the exit pallet jewel.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus having an LED-mounting surface having an improved light reflective efficiency is provided. The light-emitting apparatus includes a board, a first reflective layer arranged on the board, a second reflective layer different from the first reflective layer, arranged at a position different from the position of the first reflective layer on the board, a first configuration configured by a first LED element mounted on the first reflective layer and a first phosphor-containing resin which protects the first LED element and transforms a wavelength of light emitted from the first LED element, and a second configuration configured by a second LED element mounted on the second reflective layer and a second phosphor-containing resin which protects the second LED element and transforms a wavelength of light emitted from the second LED element.

Abstract: A gear train mechanism of a timepiece is formed by a gear having an involute tooth profile, which is easily manufactured, and a pinion that meshes with the gear. In order to reduce a fluctuation in torque to be transmitted, a gear train mechanism of a timepiece includes a gear including a tooth having a tooth profile of an involute curve and a pinion including a tooth meshing with the tooth of the gear to transmit and receive a torque, wherein the torque to be transmitted from the gear to the pinion is substantially constant at least in a part of a first half of a meshing period of the gear and the pinion.

Abstract: A power transmission body of a timepiece in which a fixed portion between an arbor and a power transmission member is hardly damaged is provided without increasing the number of components. A transmission wheel (one example of power transmission body) includes a gear and a pinion (one example of arbor). A hole formed in a center portion of the gear includes a regular octagon with a rotation center as a center. An insertion portion formed in the pinion includes a gear-like portion including a tooth bottom and a tooth tip. The hole includes eight portions that are positioned in a circumference direction about the rotation center and contact the insertion portion. The hole includes a portion that is positioned in front of the eight portions in a clockwise direction (specific rotation direction) about the rotation center and has a distance from the rotation center longer than a distance from the rotation center to each of the eight portions.

Abstract: An escapement for a timepiece includes an escape wheel that rotates about a shaft center and a pallet that oscillates. The escape wheel includes fifteen teeth. The pallet includes an entry pallet jewel and an exit pallet jewel that switch the rotation and stop of the escape wheel and receive torque from the escape wheel by contacting the teeth. The escape wheel and a balance (an impulse pin) apply and receive torque only via the pallet. The pallet includes a third pallet jewel (a torque applying and receiving member) that receives torque from a convex portion of the escape wheel in addition to the entry pallet jewel and the exit pallet jewel.

Abstract: A power transmission body of a timepiece in which a fixed portion between an arbor and a power transmission member is hardly damaged is provided without increasing the number of components. A transmission wheel (one example of power transmission body) includes a gear and a pinion (one example of arbor). A hole formed in a center portion of the gear includes a regular octagon with a rotation center as a center. An insertion portion formed in the pinion includes a gear-like portion including a tooth bottom and a tooth tip. The hole includes eight portions that are positioned in a circumference direction about the rotation center and contact the insertion portion. The hole includes a portion that is positioned in front of the eight portions in a clockwise direction (specific rotation direction) about the rotation center and has a distance from the rotation center longer than a distance from the rotation center to each of the eight portions.

Abstract: According to a movement of the present disclosure, the prevention of the transmission of torque to a governor when excessive torque is generated and the prevention of the wasteful consumption of energy when the excessive torque is not generated are achieved. The movement includes a main spring which generates torque, a balance wheel, a gear train mechanism for transmitting the torque generated by the main spring to the balance wheel, and a spring seat for moving a second wheel, for example, of the gear train mechanism in a direction to reduce the transmission efficiency of the torque between the wheels of the gear train mechanism when the torque generated by the main spring is higher than a predetermined torque (Tmax).

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus having an LED-mounting surface having an improved light reflective efficiency is provided. The light-emitting apparatus includes a board, a first reflective layer arranged on the board, a second reflective layer different from the first reflective layer, arranged at a position different from the position of the first reflective layer on the board, a first configuration configured by a first LED element mounted on the first reflective layer and a first phosphor-containing resin which protects the first LED element and transforms a wavelength of light emitted from the first LED element, and a second configuration configured by a second LED element mounted on the second reflective layer and a second phosphor-containing resin which protects the second LED element and transforms a wavelength of light emitted from the second LED element.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a cassette and a measuring apparatus that can filter a sample for the optical measurement of an optically active substance and clean a sample flow channel by using a simple configuration. More specifically, the invention is directed to a cassette which includes a filter for filtering out a measurement interfering component from a sample, a container containing the filter, a cleaning liquid or cleaning agent for cleaning a sample flow channel, and a storage tank for storing the cleaning liquid or cleaning agent, and to a measuring apparatus having such a cassette.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a cassette and a measuring apparatus that can filter a sample for the optical measurement of an optically active substance and clean a sample flow channel by using a simple configuration. More specifically, the invention is directed to a cassette which includes a filter for filtering out a measurement interfering component from a sample, a container containing the filter, a cleaning liquid or cleaning agent for cleaning a sample flow channel, and a storage tank for storing the cleaning liquid or cleaning agent, and to a measuring apparatus having such a cassette.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical measurement apparatus equipped with an ion-exchange resin for pretreating a sample, thereby enabling the concentration of component in the sample to be measured with higher accuracy. The optical measurement apparatus of the present invention includes, in addition to the ion-exchange resin, an optical measurement section for measuring, based on the optical characteristics of the component, the concentration of the component in the sample after the sample is passed through the ion-exchange resin.

Abstract: A linearly polarized light output unit (701) outputs a linearly polarized light. A first phase modulation unit (703) includes a first polarization axis and modulates a phase of the linearly polarized light. A second phase modulation unit (704) includes a second polarization axis orthogonal to the first polarization axis and modulates the phase of the linearly polarized light. A signal supply unit (705) supplies a modulation signal (vb) for modulating the phase of the linearly polarized light to one of the phase modulation units. A light intensity detection unit (707) detects an intensity of a light emitted from a phase modulation unit (702), to which the signal is supplied, to a sample (106) that contains an optically active material by causing a polarization plane of the light to be rotated and the light to be transmitted by the sample (106). An optical rotation angle calculation unit (708) calculates an optical rotation angle based on the modulation signal (Vb) and the detected light intensity.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical measurement apparatus equipped with an ion-exchange resin for pretreating a sample, thereby enabling the concentration of component in the sample to be measured with higher accuracy. The optical measurement apparatus of the present invention includes, in addition to the ion-exchange resin, an optical measurement section for measuring, based on the optical characteristics of the component, the concentration of the component in the sample after the sample is passed through the ion-exchange resin.

Abstract: An optical rotation angle of linearly polarized light is modulated to obtain modulated light. The modulated light is passed through an inspection object containing an optically active substance. The optically active substance rotates an optical rotation angle of the modulated light. An intensity of light coming out of the inspection object is measured. Variation in the optical rotation angle of the modulated light is calculated based on the measured intensity and the angle to which the linearly polarized light is modulated. A concentration of the optically active substance in the pulsing component of the inspection object is calculated based on the variation in the optical rotation angle. Thus, concentration of glucose in the blood can be calculated without harming the patient.

Abstract: A linearly polarized light output unit (701) outputs a linearly polarized light. A first phase modulation unit (703) includes a first polarization axis and modulates a phase of the linearly polarized light. A second phase modulation unit (704) includes a second polarization axis orthogonal to the first polarization axis and modulates the phase of the linearly polarized light. A signal supply unit (705) supplies a modulation signal (vb) for modulating the phase of the linearly polarized light to one of the phase modulation units. The signal supply unit (705) also supplies a bias signal (Vo) to a phase modulation unit (702). A light intensity detection unit (707) detects an intensity of a light emitted from the phase modulation unit (702), to which the signal is supplied, to a sample (106) that contains an optically active material by causing a polarization plane of the light to be rotated and the light to be transmitted by the sample (106).

Abstract: An optical rotation angle of linearly polarized light is modulated to obtain modulated light. The modulated light is passed through an inspection object containing an optically active substance. The optically active substance rotates an optical rotation angle of the modulated light. An intensity of light coming out of the inspection object is measured. Variation in the optical rotation angle of the modulated light is calculated based on the measured intensity and the angle to which the linearly polarized light is modulated. A concentration of the optically active substance in the pulsing component of the inspection object is calculated based on the variation in the optical rotation angle. Thus, concentration of glucose in the blood can be calculated without harming the patient.

Abstract: Equipment for melting a used injection needle includes a pair of movable contacts (2) and a fixed contact (3) between which electric voltage is applied. A short-circuit detector (4), determines when the movable contacts (2) and the fixed contact (3) are short-circuited by a used injection needle (9), and a timer (5) produces a signal during the period in which the short-circuit detector (4) produces a signal. An electromagnet drives the movable contacts (2) together to secure the used injection needle (9) to decrease the contact resistance between the movable contacts (2) and the used injection needle (9) and to allow a large electric current to flow in the used injection needle (9) in a stable manner.