Abstract: In the horizontal continuous casting of metal, an upper contact part and a lower contact part of the metal body are horizontally displaced with the inner wall of the tubular chilled mold relative to one another, so that the lower contact part is psoitioned downstream relative to the upper contact part.

Abstract: In the horizontal continuous casting of metal, an upper contact part and a lower contact part of the metal body are horizontally displaced with the inner wall of the tubular chilled mold relative to one another, so that the lower contact part is positioned downstream relative to the upper contact part. Gas pressure is used to displace the contact point.

Abstract: A direct chill casting of metals, particularly hot top casting of aluminum and its alloy, is improved by applying a gas pressure to the metals from directly below the overhang of a feed reservoir for receiving a melt to be cast.The direct chill casting is further improved by supplying a lubricating oil from a slit for conveying the gas to the inner wall of the mold.By using the process and the apparatus according to the invention, ingots having excellent smooth surfaces and reduced segregation can be reliably produced with a reduction in the amount of the lubricating oil used.

Abstract: A recording reproducer is disclosed for use with a magnetic card comprising a non-magnetic material such as paper having a coating of a powder of magnetizable material on its back surface. The recording reproducer includes a transducer element such as a magnetic head which translates a magnetic energy into electrical energy or vice versa. In the region of the coating of magnetizable material, a sound track is formed on the card for recording a sound. By moving the magnetic head from a start position toward a terminal position of the sound track while maintaining contact between the head and the track, the sound is reproduced. The magnetic head may be returned instantaneously from the terminal position, or an arbitrary intermediate position between the terminal position, and the start position to the start position, whereby the sound can be repeatedly reproduced by repeating the playback and returning motion.