Abstract: A transparent semiconductor thin film 40 having low carrier concentration and a large energy band gap is produced by forming a thin film which contains indium oxide and an oxide of a positive divalent element, and then oxidizing or crystallizing the thin film.

Abstract: The purpose is to remove surface-defective layer existing on the surface of an anode on a CCM substrate, protect the anode surface, prevent a drive voltage of an organic EL element from rising, and maintain uniformity of luminescence. On a substrate (12) a CCM layer (14) for converting light wavelength is formed. On the CCM layer (14) an anode (16) of IZO is formed. On the anode (16) a surface protective layer (18) containing an inorganic compound is formed by an inductively coupled RF plasma support magnetron sputtering. A preferable inorganic compound is SiO2. The surface defective layer of the anode (16) can be removed by the sputtering and the state of being removed can be held by the inorganic compound. Therefore the electrical stability of the anode (16) can be maintained for a long time, thereby improving the display quality of an organic EL display (100).

Abstract: An organic EL element comprising; an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer sandwiched therebetween containing at least an emitting layer, wherein a ratio, [In3d5/2]h/[In3d5/2]n, is from 0.9 to 1.2 wherein [In3d5/2]h is the half band width of a spectral peak derived from a 3d5/2 orbit of an In atom in the surface of the anode, and [In3d5/2]n is the half band width of a spectral peak derived from a 3d5/2 orbit of an In atom in the interior of the anode, the spectral peaks being measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS): and the method for the production thereof.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device including a cathode 50, an anode 20, and an emitting layer interposed between the cathode 50 and the anode 20, at least a part of the anode 20 in contact with the emitting layer 40 containing at least one element selected from lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, and europium, and at least one element selected from chromium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, silver, palladium, copper, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, platinum, and silicon. Since holes are efficiently injected into the emitting layer from the anode, the drive voltage of the organic EL device can be decreased, whereby the lifetime of the organic EL device can be increased.

Abstract: An electrode substrate comprising; an electrode comprising a compound containing an In atom and a substrate body, wherein a half band width ratio [In3d5/2]h/[In3d5/2]n is from 0.9 to 1.2 wherein [In3d5/2]h is a half band width of a 3d5/2 orbit spectral peak of an In atom in the surface of the electrode, and [In3d5/2]n is a half band width of a 3d5/2 orbit spectral peak of an In atom in the interior of the electrode, the spectral peaks being measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: and the method for the production thereof.

Abstract: An organic EL element comprising; an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer sandwiched therebetween containing at least an emitting layer, wherein a ratio, [In3d5/2]h/[In3d5/2]n, is from 0.9 to 1.2 wherein [In3d5/2]h is the half band width of a spectral peak derived from a 3d5/2 orbit of an In atom in the surface of the anode, and [In3d5/2]n is the half band width of a spectral peak derived from a 3d5/2 orbit of an In atom in the interior of the anode, the spectral peaks being measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS): and the method for the production thereof.

Abstract: An organic EL element comprising; an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer sandwiched therebetween containing at least an emitting layer, wherein a ratio, [In3d5/2]h/[In3d5/2]n, is from 0.9 to 1.2 wherein [In3d5/2]h is the half band width of a spectral peak derived from a 3d5/2 orbit of an In atom in the surface of the anode, and [In3d5/2]n is the half band width of a spectral peak derived from a 3d5/2 orbit of an In atom in the interior of the anode, the spectral peaks being measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS): and the method for the production thereof.

Abstract: An organic EL element comprising: an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer sandwiched therebetween containing at least an emitting layer, wherein a ratio, [In3d5/2]h/[In3d5/2]n, is from 0.9 to 1.2 wherein [In3d5/2]h is the half band width of a spectral peak derived from a 3d5/2 orbit of an In atom in the surface of the anode, and [In3d5/2]n is the half band width of a spectral peak derived from a 3d5/2 orbit of an In atom in the interior of the anode, the spectral peaks being measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS): and the method for the production thereof.

Abstract: An electrode substrate comprising; an electrode comprising a compound containing an In atom and a substrate body, wherein a half band width ratio [In3d5/2]h/[In3d5/2]n is from 0.9 to 1.2 wherein [In3d5/2]h is a half band width of a 3d5/2 orbit spectral peak of an In atom in the surface of the electrode, and [In3d5/2]n is a half band width of a 3d5/2 orbit spectral peak of an In atom in the interior of the electrode, the spectral peaks being measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: and the method for the production thereof.

Abstract: In a sputtering target comprising at least indium oxide and zinc oxide, the atomic ratio represented by In/(In+Zn) is set to a value within the range of 0.75 to 0.97, a hexagonal layered compound represented by In2O3(ZnO)m wherein m is an integer of 2 to 20 is contained, and the crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound is set to a value of 5 &mgr;m or less.

Abstract: A discharge circuit for pulsed laser comprising a power source, main discharge electrodes for generating a laser beam, a main discharge capacitor charged with electrical charges for generating the main discharge between the main discharge electrodes, and a switching circuit for performing switching operations to charge the main discharge capacitor with electrical charges supplied from the power source in a prescribed repetition cycle, is provided, in parallel to the main discharge capacitors, with a circuit element for consuming or grounding the reverse current from the power source caused by overshoot generated directly after the main discharge, thereby attaining stable laser output without ill effects from overshoot voltage generated directly following discharge.

Abstract: A discharge circuit for pulsed laser comprising a power source, main discharge electrodes for generating a laser beam, a main discharge capacitor charged with electrical charges for generating the main discharge between the main discharge electrodes, and a switching circuit for performing switching operations to charge the main discharge capacitor with electrical charges supplied from the power source in a prescribed repetition cycle, is provided, in parallel to the main discharge capacitors, with a circuit element for consuming or grounding the reverse current from the power source caused by overshoot generated directly after the main discharge, thereby attaining stable laser output without ill effects from overshoot voltage generated directly following discharge.

Abstract: A commercial AC source is connected to a load through the main line (1) via an AC switch (1a) only when the AC source is normal, and an inverter power source (10) is connected to the load through the auxiliary line (2) whether the AC source is normal or abnormal. In the case when the AC source changes from abnormal to normal, since the AC source is connected to the main line (1) after the inverter phase has matched the AC source phase, substantially no effective power is transmitted from the main line to the auxiliary line or vice versa, while a required power is being supplied from the AC source to the load (not from the inverter). Further, since an inverter inductor (L.sub.i) and a main line inductor (L.sub.l) are connected in the main and auxiliary lines, respectively, even if the AC source voltage fluctuates, it is possible to regulate the load voltage at a constant level by virtue of an inverter current flowing from the AC source to the inverter source or vice versa.

Abstract: A device for detecting a burnt-out fuse in a fuse box accommodating a plurality of parallelly arranged blade-type fuses. The device comprises an insulative support body mounted to the fuse box, an electrically conductive rubber member carried on said support body and a light emitting element connected between said rubber bar member and ground. The rubber bar member faces the output sides of the blade type fuses accommodated in the fuse box such that the rubber bar member acts as a contact means ready for depressing.