Abstract: An image forming method by the electrophotographic process is disclosed. The image forming method comprises the steps of forming a plurality of toner images different in color on an image carrying member by repeating the developing of the electrostatic latent image on the image carrying member with developers containing both toner and carrier, and transferring said plurality of the toner images at a time onto a receiving material, in which the toner to be provided for at least the initial toner image formation is mixed with 0.2 to 2% by weight of metal oxide particles having a BET specific surface area determined by nitrogen adsorption of from 30 m.sup.2 /g to 60 m.sup.2 /g. The method provides clear multicolor images free from any deterioration in the resolution due to transfer doubling trouble as well as in the image quality due to transfer-off spots.

Abstract: An intake system utilizing an air-fuel control which is changed in accordance with the coolant temperature. When the coolant temperature is lower than the first coolant temperature, an open loop control is carried out in accordance with the coolant temperature so that a fluctuation of the air-fuel ratio can be restricted so as to obtain a stability. An air-fuel feedback control is carried out between the first and second coolant temperatures wherein the air-fuel ratio is maintained at the stoichiometric value so that an increase of NO.sub.X emitted from the engine can be suppressed. In the region in which the coolant temperature exceeds the second temperature, an air-fuel feedback control is carried out in the lean mixture side of the stoichiometric value in accordance with the coolant temperature to thereby improve the emission performance of the engine.

Abstract: An engine control system comprises an accelerator position sensor for detecting the amount of depression of the accelerator, a target intake air amount determining circuit which receives the output of the accelerator position sensor and determines a target intake air amount, a target fuel feed amount determining circuit which receives the output of the accelerator position sensor and determines a target fuel feed amount, a throttle valve driver which receives the output of the target intake air amount determining circuit and controls the throttle valve to obtain a target throttle valve opening degree corresponding to the target intake air amount, and a fuel feed control circuit which receives the output of the target fuel feed amount determining circuit and controls the amount of fuel to be fed to the engine to the target fuel feed amount.

Abstract: Engine throttle valve control device having a step motor to operate a throttle valve which comprises detecting means for detecting the need for changing the rotational direction of the step motor, and delaying means which delays the supply of the drive signal to the step motor for a predetermined period when the need for changing the rotational direction of the step motor is detected by the detecting means. In the present invention, when it is necessary to change the rotational direction of the step motor, the step motor is not immediately driven to reverse the rotational direction but is halted for a predetermined short time. After the short time passes the step motor is driven to rotate in the opposite direction. According to the present invention, the inertial force acting on the step motor when it changes its rotational direction can be avoided or decreased. Hence, loss of control of the step motor due to the inertial force is avoided, and accurate control of the throttle valve opening is performed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine throttle valve control system comprising driving means for driving a throttle valve so that the opening of the throttle valve assumes a predetermined value, engine r.p.m. detecting means for detecting engine r.p.m., and control means for controlling the rate of driving the throttle valve which receive the output signal from the engine r.p.m.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle engine comprises a first detector for detecting a controlled variable on an accelerator, a setting device for determining a fundamental control variable on an engine output adjusting device, such as a throttle valve, based on an output of the first detector, a driving device for actuating the engine output adjusting device in accordance with the fundamental control variable, a second detector for detecting a demand for acceleration of a vehicle, a compensating device for revising the fundamental control variable to produce a compensated control variable on the engine output adjusting device so that the engine output adjusting device is actuated in accordance with the compensated control variable when the demand for acceleration of the vehicle is detected by the second detector, a restoring device for restoring the engine output adjusting device at a predetermined restoration speed to be actuated in accordance with the fundamental control variable after the engine output adjustin

Abstract: An automobile engine having a device for increasing the inkage air in idle operation when a load is applied to the engine from equipments associate with the engine. An alternator driven by the engine has a voltage regulator which controls the alternator output in response to a load condition on the alternator by controlling the field current. A control unit is provided to restrict an increase in the field current when an electric load is turned on for a time period required for having the engine output increased.

Abstract: A fuel supply control system for an automobile engine which comprises fuel increasing device operable in response to an output fed from an acceleration detector for increasing the quantity of fuel to be supplied, and a rate-of-increase adjusting device for adjusting the rate of increase of the fuel to be supplied. The rate of increase of the fuel to be supplied becomes high as the air-fuel ratio of the combustible air-fuel mixture detected shortly before the acceleration is high.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising a binder resin, a coloring agent, a compound selected from a group consisting of silica and a hydrophobic aluminum oxide or a hydrophobic titanium oxide.

Abstract: A knock control system for a supercharged engine comprising a supercharger for providing a super charged air to the engine, an engine condition detector for detecting an engine operating condition, a knock detector for detecting the occurrence of engine knocking, an ignition timing determining unit, a supercharged pressure regulator, an ignition timing correcting unit, and a supercharged pressure correcting unit. The timing determining unit is operable to determine a principle ignition timing in response to an output from the condition detector, and the timing correcting unit is operable in response to an output from the knock detector to adjust the principle ignition timing in the event of occurrence of the knocking.

Abstract: An engine air-fuel ratio control system in which the engine operating range is divided into a light load, medium load and heavy load regions. In the light load region, a control of the fuel supply is made so as to provide a mixture of leaner than the stoichiometric value. In the medium load region, a feedback control is made based on the signal from an O.sub.2 sensor and, in the heavy load region, a control is made to provide a richer mixture. In the transient between the light load and medium load regions, the air-fuel ratio is changed with a rate which changes in accordance with the rate of change in the engine load.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is provided upstream of a branch-off part of a branched off intake passage, the downstream ends of the branched off passages being connected to a plurality of cylinders of an engine. The fuel injection timing of the injection valve is controlled by a pulse controller. The pulse controller operates to control the pulse timing basically according to the intake air flow and the crank angle of the crank shaft of the engine, and further corrects the timing according to the air fuel ratio difference between cylinders whose intake strokes are adjacent to each other. The correction rate of the timing may be changed according to the degree of the engine load and/or the engine temperature. By the correction of the timing, the air fuel mixture in rich cylinders is partly inhaled into lean cylinders so that the air fuel ratios of the cylinders may be equalized.

Abstract: A multiple-displacement engine is provided with a cylinder number control means and a cylinder-reduction determination means in order to switch the operating state of the engine from the full-displacement operation to the part displacement operation or from the latter to the former according to the operating condition of the engine. A period calculating means receives signals generated from a crank angle detecting means every predetermined crank angle and calculates the time interval corresponding to the predetermined crank angle. An engine speed calculating means calculates the engine rpm on the basis of the calculated time interval or period. A crank angle determination means which receives the output from the cylinder-reduction determination means and sets the predetermined crank angle to be submitted to the period calculating means to include a crank angle corresponding to the power stroke of a working cylinder in the part-displacement state of the engine.

Abstract: A multiple cylinder engine including a first group of cylinders having a first intake passage which is provided with a air-fuel mixture of a predetermined ratio in accordance with the signal from an exhaust gas sensor provided in the exhaust passage from the first group of cylinders. The engine further includes a second group of cylinders having a second intake passage which is provided with a mixture having an air-fuel ratio which is of a predetermined relationship with respect to the air-fuel ratio of the mixture provided to the first group of cylinders, the predetermined relationship being determined in accordance the engine operating condition. Check valves are provided in the intake passages to prevent the mixture in the first intake passage from being mixed with that in the second intake passage so that accurate control can be ensured.

Abstract: An engine throttle valve operating device comprising a throttle valve operating foot pedal position detector for detecting the position of the foot pedal and producing a foot pedal position signal corresponding to the position of the foot pedal, a rapid acceleration detector connected with the foot pedal position detection for receiving the foot pedal position signal therefrom and producing a rate signal corresponding to a rate of change per unit time of the position of the foot pedal, a throttle valve actuator for actuating the engine throttle valve, a throttle valve driving signal generating circuit responsive to the foot pedal position signal and the rate signal to produce a first drive signal for operating the actuator in accordance with the foot pedal position signal when the rate of change per unit time of the position of the foot pedal is smaller than a predetermined value and a second drive signal for operating the actuator by a greater extent than under the first drive signal when the rate of change

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive layer and a photosensitive layer of vapor-deposited selenium-antimony alloy film formed thereon is disclosed. The photosensitive layer has an average antimony concentration of 5 to 21 wt % and the center layer thereof except for the skin layer on either side has a change in antimony concentration within 2 wt % in any region that is 1000 deep .ANG. from the surface of the skin layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element having a conductive support upon which a coating of oleophilic resin-encapsulated zinc oxide particles, and a sensitizer dispersed in a binder containing vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate polymers is disclosed. Capsule wall can be 5A to 1.mu. thick. The oleophilic resin can be silicone, urethane, epoxy.

Abstract: Photosensitive element for electrophotography which comprises(a) a photosensitive layer composed of (1) a binder resin and (2) particles of photoconductive material being dispersed in said binder resin and each particle comprising a photoconductive zinc oxide particle having been encapsulated over its surface with an encapsulating resinous material;(b) an electroconductive support for said photosensitive layer; and(c) an intermediate layer being located between said photosensitive layer and said support, and composed of a water-soluble polymer.The water-soluble polymer preferably is a casein, and a sensitizing agent preferably is adsorbed by the surface of the zinc oxide particle and or included in the encapsulating resinous layer.