Abstract: Hydroxyapatite having high biocompatibility suitable for applications such as food additives, cosmetic ingredients, pharmaceutical ingredients, and artificial bones is provided. The hydroxyapatite of the present invention contains Mg.

Abstract: A membrane electrode gas diffusion layer assembly for a fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane, an anode catalyst layer, and a cathode catalyst layer, an anode diffusion layer joined to the anode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assembly, and a cathode diffusion layer joined to the cathode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assembly, in which at least one of the anode diffusion layer and the cathode diffusion layer includes a microporous layer that makes contact with the membrane electrode assembly, the microporous layer contains a cerium compound, and at least one of the electrolyte membrane, the anode catalyst layer, and the cathode catalyst layer comprises cerium ions.

Abstract: An electronic circuit board includes an ink receiving layer formed from a resin composition containing a polyvinyl acetal resin as a main component, and an electronic circuit formed in a pattern from an electrically conductive ink. An electronic circuit board production method includes the steps of: applying a liquid resin composition containing a polyvinyl acetal resin as a main component to form a layer of the liquid resin composition; heat-drying the liquid resin composition to form an ink receiving layer; and forming an electronic circuit in a predetermined circuit pattern from an electrically conductive ink by a printing method or a transferring method.

Abstract: A membrane electrode gas diffusion layer assembly for a fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane, an anode catalyst layer, and a cathode catalyst layer, an anode diffusion layer joined to the anode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assembly, and a cathode diffusion layer joined to the cathode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assembly, in which at least one of the anode diffusion layer and the cathode diffusion layer includes a microporous layer that makes contact with the membrane electrode assembly, the microporous layer contains a cerium compound, and at least one of the electrolyte membrane, the anode catalyst layer, and the cathode catalyst layer comprises cerium ions.

Abstract: A reliable electronic circuit board is provided, which maintains the quality and electrical conduction of an electronic circuit thereof even if being produced at an ordinary temperature at an atmospheric pressure. The electronic circuit board includes an ink receiving layer formed from a resin composition containing a polyvinyl acetal resin as a main component, and an electronic circuit formed in a pattern from an electrically conductive ink. An electronic circuit board production method includes the steps of: applying a liquid resin composition containing a polyvinyl acetal resin as a main component to form a layer of the liquid resin composition; heat-drying the liquid resin composition to form an ink receiving layer; and forming an electronic circuit in a predetermined circuit pattern from an electrically conductive ink by a printing method or a transferring method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell simulator for predicting the power generation performance of a fuel cell including a membrane-electrode assembly having an electrolyte membrane, a catalyst layer, and a diffusion layer. The fuel cell simulator includes a model creation unit for modeling a catalyst layer from the geometry and property data of the catalyst layer, and a calculation unit for calculating the power generation state distribution of the catalyst layer or macro physical property values by using the catalyst layer model and establishing simultaneous equations of gas transportation, water production-transportation phase change, electrical conduction, heat conduction, and catalytic reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell simulator for predicting the power generation performance of a fuel cell including a membrane-electrode assembly having an electrolyte membrane, a catalyst layer, and a diffusion layer. The fuel cell simulator includes a model creation unit for modeling a catalyst layer from the geometry and property data of the catalyst layer, and a calculation unit for calculating the power generation state distribution of the catalyst layer or macro physical property values by using the catalyst layer model and establishing simultaneous equations of gas transportation, water production-transportation phase change, electrical conduction, heat conduction, and catalytic reaction.

Abstract: A low-cost flexographic printing plate which does not require a conventional tackiness tape or a tacky-elastic foam in mounting on a printing press and is capable of repeated uses and of high-accuracy printing. A flexographic printing plate and a raw plate therefor, comprising a photo-curable resin layer, a support layer with a barrier performance, an adhesive layer to stick the photo-curable resin layer and the support layer to each other, and an elastic layer, wherein the photo-curable resin layer and the elastic layer serve as the outermost layers, wherein the outer surface of the elastic layer has a rereleasable tacky surface.

Abstract: A photoresin relief printing plate comprising a support and a photoresin relief portion disposed thereon, said relief portion having a thickness of not greater than 8 mm and comprising an upper photoresin layer and a lower photoresin layer, wherein said upper photoresin layer has a thickness of at least 2 .mu.m and a Young's modulus of not greater than 650 kg/cm.sup.2 and said lower photoresin layer has a thickness which is greater than the Young's modulus of said upper photoresin layer and a thickness which is greater than the Young's modulus of said upper photoresin layer. The photoresin relief printing plate exhibits not only excellent inking and ink transferability even in solid images, but also excellently less broadening of printed images and excellent image reproducibility, even if the printing operation is performed using an ordinary relief printing machine having poor machine accuracy.

Abstract: A urethane photosensitive resinous composition composition comprising (a) at least one urethane prepolymer having in the middle of the molecule thereof at least two polyol compound monomer units linked through a diisocyanate compound monomer unit, and having only in the terminals of the molecule thereof at least 1.6 carboxyl groups on the average per molecule and acrylic residues with a vinyl group, each one of said acrylic residues being substantially present in each terminal of the molecule of said at least one urethane prepolymer, (b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound, and (c) at least one photopolymerization initiator. If desired, the urethane photosensitive resinous composition may further comprise at least one heat polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: A printing plate comprising a support, reliefs formed thereon as an image area, and from about 20 to about 4,000/cm.sup.2 small projections thereon in non-image areas, the height of the reliefs being at least 0.05 mm larger than that of the small projections, and a method for making a printing plate which comprises:(a) superimposing a photosensitive resin layer having a thickness of at least 0.06 mm on a support, which is at least semi-transparent to actinic light, in intimate contact therewith;(b) exposing the resulting assembly to actinic light through an image-bearing transparency from the side of the photosensitive resin layer;(c) exposing the assembly to actinic light through a dot-image-bearing transparency having a transparent halftone dot area in a proportion of 1 to 40% from the side of the support to thereby form reliefs on the support, as image areas, and a number of small projections having a height of at least 0.

Abstract: In preparing a dry, laminating impregnated paper or cloth by impregnating a paper or cloth with a resin solution containing a polymerization catalyst, a cross-linking monomer and, if necessary, a releasing agent, followed by drying, the use as the resin of a resin composition consisting of (A) 10 to 90 % by weight of an organic solvent-soluble diallyl phthalate prepolymer having an average molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 and a softening point of 70.degree. to 140.degree. C. which prepolymer has been obtained by partially polymerizing a diallyl phthalate monomer and separating and purifying the resulting prepolymer, and 90 to 10 % by weight, in total, of (B) an organic solvent-soluble non-crystalline unsaturated polyester and (C) an organic solvent-soluble benzoguanamine resin obtained by condensing in an alkaline reaction system 1 mole of benzoguanamine with 1 to 4 moles of formaldehyde, the weight ratio of (C)/(B) being up to 0.

Abstract: A printing plate comprising a support, reliefs formed thereon as an image area, and from about 20 to about 4,000/cm.sup.2 small projections thereon in non-image areas, the height of the reliefs being at least 0.05 mm larger than that of the small projections, and a method for making a printing plate which comprises:A. superimposing a photosensitive resin layer having a thickness of at least 0.06 mm on a support, which is at least semi-transparent to actinic light, in intimate contact therewith;B. exposing the resulting assembly to actinic light through an image-bearing transparency from the side of the photosensitive resin layer;C. exposing the assembly to actinic light through a dot-image-bearing transparency having a transparent halftone dot area in a proportion of 1 to 40% from the side of the support to thereby form reliefs on the support, as image areas, and a number of small projections having a height of at least 0.