Abstract: In preparing superfine particle in a reaction chamber by evaporation-in-gas method or on such processes as PVD or CVD using arc- or high-frequency plasma wherein in the proximity of the inner surface of the said reaction chamber, a vessel provided with a number of pores thereon is arranged and gas consisting of given components is introduced into the space between the inner surface of the chamber and the vessel, and spouted through the said pores on the vessel. The resultant superfine particle produced in the chamber and being in Brownian movement or in thermal migration does not adhere to the surface of the vessel by being separated from the vessel by the spouting gas so that the gas containing superfine particle is directed securely to the collecting path, wherein the vessel is made of the material not reactive with the resultant superfines but resistant to heat.

Abstract: In a fiber optical rotation sensor, a laser wave omitted from a laser diode is guided into a one directional optical coupler and is splitted into two laser waves by the coupler. The two laser waves are propagated in an optical fiber loop in an opposite directions and the phases of the laser waves are modulated in the fiber loop by a phase modulation signal having a frequency f.sub.0. The phase-modulated light waves are combined and converted into an interference laser wave and the interference laser wave is splitted in the coupler. One of the splitted interference laser waves is guided to a photodetector and is converted into an electric signal by the photodetector. A synchronous detector detects the electric signal with a frequency of an integral multiple of the frequency f.sub.0 to extract the corresponding integral multiple signal components Sn-1, Sn, Sn+1. The signal components Sn-1, Sn, Sn+1 (n.gtoreq.1) are supplied to operation circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a system for lubrication of a mechanical system and the like used under the severe conditions, and includes a lubricating oil feeding device to the mechanical system, a lubricating oil extracting device, a device for analyzing properties of the lubricating oil thus extracted and a device for controlling in accordance with the result of the analysis. As commensurate to the degree of the extracted lubricating oil, new lubricating oil is fed into lubricated portions from the feeding device in response to a command from the controlling device, while, the lubricating oil is extracted from the lubricated portions to renew the lubricating oil.

Abstract: An ignition element for use in igniting a high-frequency plasma torch is ungrounded and displaceable. When a tip end of the ignition element is positioned in a location in a gas to be formed into a plasma, which flows under normal pressure, and a high-frequency energy is applied to the above location in the gas flow, the gas is ignited into a high-temperature plasma in a small period of time shorter than 1 second. After the gas has been ignited, the ignition element is immediately retracted out of the location. The ignition element may be in the form of an ignition rod of metal or an ignition tube of quartz or the like. Where the ignition rod is used, it instantaneously contacts the high-temperature plasma upon ignition so that the high-temperature plasma is of high purity consisting only of the component of the gas. The ignition tube may be used for producing a high-temperature plasma of higher purity on and after ignition. The ignition tube is employed while a pressure therein is reduced.

Abstract: A sealing system for use in a composite multi-stage pump or pumps is disclosed which utilizes part of the liquid pressurized by the pump to moderate sealing conditions by introducing said liquid to a portion or portions around the shaft, where the sealing conditions are most critical, and by thus reducing the pressure imposed on the sealing portion make the designing of seals easy. Also, by introducing pressurized liquid of relatively low temperature to the critical portion(s), minimum flow rate is lowered and thus the operational range of the pump is extended.When two or more pumps are employed for maintaining continuous operation by alternately switching the working pumps, a flow passage is provided between the pumps so the pressurized liquid from the pump under operation can be introduced to the non-operating pump, thus utilizing the pressurized liquid to prevent liquid kept under pressure in the non-operating pump from leaking therefrom.