Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing a conductive layer of in a signal transmission substrate. The method includes sewing conductive thread in sheet-like material having an insulating property so as to form one of a plurality of low resistance regions using the conductive thread in a high resistance region formed by the sheet-like material, moving the conductive thread from an end point of a previously sewed low resistance region to a start point of a low resistance region to be sewed subsequently, repeating the sewing and moving steps to form the plurality of low resistance regions in the high resistance region, and forming a plurality of holes in the conductive layer by press working so that an electrical component attached to at least one of the plurality of holes is able to transmit a signal between neighboring ones of the plurality of low resistance regions.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes an entrance face that is optically coupleable with a device for transmitting a light beam through the optical fiber. The entrance face includes a core region and a cladding region surrounding the core region. The cladding region is at least partially covered with a coating, which is made of metal, for example. That is, the coating is formed over a whole area of the cladding region or the coating is formed on an area of the cladding region defined in a vicinity of the core region. The coating has a mirror surface to increase the reflectivity thereof and enhances the reflectivity of the entrance face.

Abstract: A light scanning device capable of scanning a light beam on a photosensitive surface includes a light receiving system configured to receive the light beam and output a light receiving signal and a synchronizing signal generating system configured to generate a synchronizing signal with which light scanning is synchronized. The synchronizing signal generating system includes a first bias superimposing system configured to superimpose a first bias signal onto the light receiving signals to generate a first light receiving signal, a second bias superimposing system configured to superimpose a second bias signal with a different level from that of the first bias signal onto the light receiving signals to generate a second light receiving signal, a waveform shaping system configured to shape the waveform of the second light receiving signal, and a comparing system configured to compare the first light receiving signal with the second light receiving signal to output the synchronizing signal.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes a light source that emits a light beam and an optical fiber having a core and a cladding. The optical fiber has a light entrance face having a core region and a cladding region. The light beam emitted by the light source is converged by a converging lens on the core region and is transmitted through the optical fiber. The entrance face is configured to generate a light intensity distribution in light reflected by the light entrance face depending on a position where the light beam is incident on the entrance face, a converging lens arranged between the light source and the optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes a light source that emits a light beam and an optical fiber having a core and a cladding. The optical fiber has a light entrance face having a core region and a cladding region. The light beam emitted by the light source is converged by a converging lens on the core region and is transmitted through the optical fiber. The entrance face is configured to generate a light intensity distribution in light reflected by the light entrance face depending on a position where the light beam is incident on the entrance face, a converging lens arranged between the light source and the optical fiber.

Abstract: A multi-beam scanning device includes a light source for emitting a plurality of laser beams, a polygon mirror for deflecting the laser beams so that the laser beams scan across an object surface in a main scanning direction, an f? lens disposed between the polygon mirror and the object surface, and a cylindrical lens that converges each laser beam in a vicinity of the polygon mirror in the auxiliary direction. A mirror is disposed between the light source and the cylindrical lens which deflects the laser beams in the auxiliary scanning direction. The mirror is rotatably supported by a mirror holder such that the traveling direction of the laser beams deflected by the mirror can be adjusted.

Abstract: A laser scanning device is provided with a laser source which emits a laser beam, a deflector which dynamically deflects the laser beam emitted by the laser source, the laser beam scanning in a main scanning direction within a predetermined angular area, a photodetector which receives light and output electronic signal corresponding to the received light, and a sensor lens arranged to receive the laser beam scanning at a predetermined scanning range, the sensor lens having power at least in the main scanning direction, the sensor lens converging the incident laser beam on the photodetector, the sensor lens having width in the main scanning direction varying in the auxiliary scanning direction.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes an entrance face that is optically coupleable with a device for transmitting a light beam through the optical fiber. The entrance face includes a core region and a cladding region surrounding the core region. The cladding region is at least partially covered with a coating, which is made of metal, for example. That is, the coating is formed over a whole area of the cladding region or the coating is formed on an area of the cladding region defined in a vicinity of the core region. The coating has a mirror surface to increase the reflectivity thereof and enhances the reflectivity of the entrance face.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes a light source that emits a light beam for transmitting data, and an optical fiber that has an entrance face through which the light beam emitted from the light source enters the optical fiber. The entrance face has a core region and a cladding region. A beam spot moving mechanism moves a beam spot formed by the light beam emitted from the light source on the entrance face of the optical fiber in first and second directions. A light detector having a light receiving surface detects light amount of the light beam reflected by the entrance face of the optical fiber. The light receiving surface is divided in multiple light detecting areas. A controller controls the beam spot moving mechanism to adjust light amounts detected by the light detecting areas to a predetermined ratio. For example, the controller controls the beam spot moving mechanism so that the light amounts detected by the light detecting areas become the same.

Abstract: A multi-beam scanning device includes a light source for emitting a plurality of laser beams, a polygon mirror for deflecting the laser beams so that the laser beams scan across an object surface in a main scanning direction, an f&thgr; lens disposed between the polygon mirror and the object surface, and a cylindrical lens that converges each laser beam in a vicinity of the polygon mirror in the auxiliary direction. A mirror is disposed between the light source and the cylindrical lens which deflects the laser beams in the auxiliary scanning direction. The mirror is rotatably supported by a mirror holder such that the traveling direction of the laser beams deflected by the mirror can be adjusted.

Abstract: An optical scanning device is provided with a light source, a scanning system, a light receiving unit having a plurality of light receiving elements arranged in a main scanning direction, a resonance amplifying system that amplifies the light receiving signals of the light receiving elements. A clock signal is generated based on the resonance amplified signals. Further, a delay signal is generated to wait for stabilization of the clock signal. A synchronizing signal is generated based on the clock signal and the delay signal.

Abstract: A light intensity control apparatus includes an optical beam splitter which splits light into monitor light and principal light; a polarization beam splitter which splits the monitor light into two polarized light components; a monitor light detector which detects the polarized light components; a polarization correction device which corrects the output of the monitor light detector so that the intensity of the output signal of the monitor light detector and the light intensity of the principal light on an object surface have a predetermined correlation, regardless of the polarization state of the light incident upon the optical beam splitter; and a humidity dependency correction device which corrects the output of the monitor light detector via the polarization correction device by detecting a variation in polarization dependency characteristics of the optical beam splitter, caused by a change in humidity, and feeding the variation back to the polarization correction device, so that the output signal intensi

Abstract: A scanning optical device includes a light source that emits a light beam; a deflector for deflecting and scanning the light beam from the light source; a scanning lens for converging the deflected light beam onto an image surface; and a mechanism for adjusting the relative position of at least one lens element of the scanning lens with respect to other lens elements of the scanning lens in an auxiliary scanning direction. Preferably, the adjustable lens element of the scanning lens be provided with an anamorphic surface having relatively larger power in the auxiliary scanning direction than in the main scanning direction. Alternatively, the above-mentioned at least one lens element may have the largest absolute value of refractive power of the lenses in the scanning lens. Further alternatively, the above-mentioned at least one lens element may be provided with a surface having the smallest absolute value of radius of curvature of all surfaces in the scanning lens.

Abstract: A light intensity controlling device has a beam splitter which splits light fluxes emitted from a plurality of independently controlled semiconductor lasers, guided by optical fibers, into monitor light fluxes and main light fluxes. A gain adjusting circuit corrects the changes of output of light receiving elements depending on the polarization states of the light fluxes incident into the beam splitter. The changes result from the polarization characteristics of the optical fibers and/or the beam splitter. Alternatively, a filter is provided at one of the light receiving elements to compensate for the changes, thus providing a corrected output signal. Laser control circuits control the light emitting intensity of each semiconductor laser based on corrected output signals. The light receiving elements are set at an angle to the incoming light as so to avoid directing reflected light back toward an imaging system or the lasers.

Abstract: An optical scanning device is comprised of a light source unit, a rotating polygon mirror, an f.theta. lens, a photosensitive drum, a synchronization signal generating circuit 10, etc. Synchronization signal generating circuit 10 has a photodiode 6, and a resonance circuit 31, comprised of a parallel circuit of coil 32, capacitor 33, and resistor 34, is connected to photodiode 6 as its load circuit. An amplifier 35 is connected to the junction of photodiode 6 and resonance circuit 31, a capacitor 36 is connected to the output side of amplifier 35, and the other end of capacitor 36 is connected to the positive input terminal of comparator 38. A reference voltage generator 39 of variable reference voltage is connected to the negative input terminal of comparator 38 and a reference voltage is applied from this reference voltage generator 39.

Abstract: A light transmission device includes a semiconductor laser for emitting a laser flux, an optical fiber for transmitting the laser flux emitted from the semiconductor laser, and a device that prevents the laser flux, reflected at an incident end surface of the optical fiber, from returning to the semiconductor laser. In particular, the preventing device may be a slanted incident end surface of the optical fiber, such that the reflected laser flux at the incident end surface is directed away from the semiconductor laser. The preventing device may also be an optical isolator that is disposed between the semiconductor laser and the incident end surface of the optical fiber.

Abstract: A light intensity controlling device has a beam splitter which splits light fluxes emitted from a plurality of independently controlled semiconductor lasers, guided by optical fibers, into monitor light fluxes and main light fluxes. A gain adjusting circuit corrects the changes of output of light receiving elements depending on the polarization states of the light fluxes incident into the beam splitter. The changes result from the polarization characteristics of the optical fibers and/or the beam splitter. Alternatively, a filter is provided at one of the light receiving elements to compensate for the changes, thus providing a corrected output signal. Laser control circuits control the light emitting intensity of each semiconductor laser based on corrected output signals. The light receiving elements are set at an angle to the incoming light as so to avoid directing reflected light back toward an imaging system or the lasers.

Abstract: An optical multiple-scanning device has a number of scanning laser light beams that scan along a scan path, are separated along the scan path by a predetermined pitch P, and produce an illumination spot of diameter D along the scan path. A synchronizing signal generating circuit for the optical multiple-scanning device includes a single photodiode and a signal processing circuit. The single photodiode has a width W along the scan path and generates a signal with maximums IMAX and minimums IMIN. If the condition W.ltoreq.P-D/4 is met, or if IMIN is less than or equal to 80% of IMAX, the signal processing circuit accurately generates a square-wave synchronizing signal such that successive rectangular pulses of the synchronizing signal cyclically indicate that successive scanning laser beams have reached a predetermined position along the scan path.

Abstract: A scanning optical device that includes a laser source that emits a laser beam; a deflector for deflecting a laser beam to form a scanning beam spot on an image surface; a beam splitter, between the laser source and the deflector, and a sensor positioned in a predetermined position relative to the beam splitter. In particular, the beam splitter includes a reflective area in which the laser beam from the laser source is reflected and a transmitting area that is distinct from the reflective area through which the laser beam is transmitted. One of the reflected laser beam or transmitted laser beam is a main beam to be deflected by the deflector and the other is a monitor beam to be detected by the sensor.

Abstract: A multi-beam scanning optical device. The multi-beam scanning optical device has a plurality of light emitting elements, a deflector that deflects a plurality of light fluxes emitted form the light emitting elements, and a scanning lens system that converges the light fluxes deflected by the deflector to form a plurality of light spots on a surface to be scanned. The light emitting elements are selected to satisfy a condition:.vertline..DELTA..lambda..vertline.<7.6.times.10.sup.3 /(.alpha..times.D),where .DELTA..lambda. is a wavelength error (unit:nm) of each of the plurality of light emitting elements from a reference wavelength, D is a resolution of the scanning optical device (unit:dots per inch (dpi)), and .alpha. is a ratio of a lateral chromatic aberration (unit:.lambda.m) per change in wavelength of 1 nm at an edge of a scanning range, where the scanning range defines an area in which an image is formed.