Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for preventing and/or treating a virus infection contains administering a type I and/or type III interferon production promoter including Clostridium butyricum or a culture thereof to a subject in need thereof. In another embodiment, a method for promoting production of an interferon contains administering an effective amount of Clostridium butyricum or a culture thereof to a subject.

Abstract: To provide a device structure that is capable of preventing oxygen, water, and the like from entering the device, and a method of producing the same. A device structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate (base) 2, a device layer 3, a first inorganic material layer (convex portion) 41, and a first resin material 51. The substrate 2 has a first surface 2a and a second surface 2c opposite to the first surface 2a. The device layer 3 is arranged on at least the first surface 2a out of the first and second surfaces 2a and 2c. The first inorganic material layer 41 is formed on the first surface 2a. The first resin material 51 is unevenly arranged around the first inorganic material layer 41.

Abstract: To provide a device structure that is capable of preventing oxygen, water, and the like from entering the device, and a method of producing the same. A device structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate (base) 2, a device layer 3, a first inorganic material layer (convex portion) 41, and a first resin material 51. The substrate 2 has a first surface 2a and a second surface 2c opposite to the first surface 2a. The device layer 3 is arranged on at least the first surface 2a out of the first and second surfaces 2a and 2c. The first inorganic material layer 41 is formed on the first surface 2a. The first resin material 51 is unevenly arranged around the first inorganic material layer 41.

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck is provided which is arranged that, at the time of performing processing treatments of irradiating light to a to-be-processed substrate while holding the translucent to-be-processed substrate, the to-be-processed substrate can surely be held even in case the attraction force lowers due to photoelectric effect. An electrostatic chuck has a chuck plate made of a dielectric material, and a first electrode and a second electrode, both electrodes being disposed in the chuck plate. A voltage is applied between the first and the second electrodes to thereby attract the to-be-processed substrate S to the surface of the chuck plate. The electrostatic chuck has, on part of the surface of the chuck plate, a substrate holding section 64 which is made of an adhesive sheet and the like having an adhesive force with respect to the to-be-processed substrate.

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck is provided which is arranged that, at the time of performing processing treatments of irradiating light to a to-be-processed substrate while holding the translucent to-be-processed substrate, the to-be-processed substrate can surely be held even in case the attraction force lowers due to photoelectric effect. An electrostatic chuck has a chuck plate made of a dielectric material, and a first electrode and a second electrode, both electrodes being disposed in the chuck plate. A voltage is applied between the first and the second electrodes to thereby attract the to-be-processed substrate S to the surface of the chuck plate. The electrostatic chuck has, on part of the surface of the chuck plate, a substrate holding section 64 which is made of an adhesive sheet and the like having an adhesive force with respect to the to-be-processed substrate.

Abstract: An optical recording/reproducing apparatus has a laser diode and a semiconductor integrated circuit device for driving the laser diode. The semiconductor integrated circuit device has a driver circuit for producing a drive current to be supplied to a laser diode in accordance with an input signal representative of a laser beam power varying depending on a relative speed between a magneto-optical disk and a spot of a laser beam emitted by the laser diode on the optical disk. The driver circuit has a non-linear first operation range and a substantially linear second operation range subsequent to the first operation range. For a linear operation of the driver circuit, a level shifter circuit is connected to the driver circuit for applying a shift voltage to the driver circuit with a result that an excess output current is produced by the driver circuit even when the input signal is non-existent.