Abstract: A motor drive apparatus includes: a transmission unit carrying-out transmission of an optical signal between a rotation unit for rotating a transmitting and receiving unit and a fixation unit for transmitting reflected light to a control apparatus through a signal line, wherein the transmission unit includes: a tubular shaped lens holding member where a collimator lens is held, and a holding member fixing member having first fixation surface by which the end surface of the lens holding member is fixed and second fixation surface fixed by a surface which is formed to be approximately perpendicular to the direction toward which the optical signal is emanated or the optical signal is light-received; the first fixation surface is formed in a spherical shape; and the second fixation surface is formed to be approximately perpendicular to the direction toward which the optical signal is emanated or the optical signal is light-received.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte secondary cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a gel electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a current collector, and a mixture of powders of a graphite carbonaceous material and a binder. The powders of the graphite carbonaceous material include sintered meso-carbon micro-beads. The gel electrolyte includes an electrolyte salt, a non-aqueous solvent and a high-molecular weight material. The non-aqueous solvent includes propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate. A content of propylene carbonate ranges from 35 mol % to 75 mol %. The binder is in an amount 1 to 20 wt % based on total weight of the powders of the graphite carbonaceous material. The meso-carbon micro-beads can suitably decrease the impedance and the discharge capacity loss, thereby increasing the discharging capacity and/or charging/discharging efficiency of the gel electrolyte secondary cell.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte secondary cell in which discharge capacity loss can be suppressed even with the use of a graphitized carbonaceous material of a small particle size as a negative electrode material to assure low impedance, superior cell voltage and load characteristics and high charging/discharging efficiency. To this end, a graphitized carbonaceous material prepared by firing meso-carbon micro-beads is used as a material for a negative electrode.

Abstract: A motor drive apparatus includes: a transmission unit carrying-out transmission of an optical signal between a rotation unit for rotating a transmitting and receiving unit and a fixation unit for transmitting reflected light to a control apparatus through a signal line, wherein the transmission unit includes: a tubular shaped lens holding member where a collimator lens is held, and a holding member fixing member having first fixation surface by which the end surface of the lens holding member is fixed and second fixation surface fixed by a surface which is formed to be approximately perpendicular to the direction toward which the optical signal is emanated or the optical signal is light-received; the first fixation surface is formed in a spherical shape; and the second fixation surface is formed to be approximately perpendicular to the direction toward which the optical signal is emanated or the optical signal is light-received.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell capable of stopping, during abnormal heat generation, a supply of fuel and/or air, and preventing additional abnormal heat generation. In an electrode structure (a heat generation section), a fusible porous film is disposed between a cathode electrode and a cathode-side exterior member, and a fusible porous film is disposed between an anode electrode and an anode-side exterior member. The fusible porous films and may be made of resin having a low melting point and being not soluble in fuel (methanol), or may be made of a combination of a porous film and polyolefin wax with a low melting point. When abnormal heat generation occurs in the fuel cell 1, the fusible porous films and are melted by heat, and pores formed thereto disappear so that a supply of fuel and/or air can be cut off without fail.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of stimulating adult corneal endothelial cell proliferation, which includes incubation of corneal endothelium to a mitogen-containing medium and then to an agent that interrupts cell-cell contacts in the adult corneal endothelial cells, and subsequently, as needed, further incubation in the mitogen-containing medium. The cell-cell contact-interrupting agent is preferably a calcium chelator.

Abstract: A carbonaceous electrode having improved capacities for doping and dedoping of a cell active substance, such as lithium, and suitable for a non-aqueous solvent secondary battery, is constituted by a carbonaceous material having a true density as measured by a butanol substitution method of at most 1.46 g/cm3, a true density as measured by a helium substitution method of at least 1.7 g/cm3, a hydrogen-to-carbon atomic ratio H/C of at most 0.15 as measured according to elementary analysis, a BET specific surface area of at most 50 m2/g as measured by nitrogen adsorption BET method, and a carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of at least 10 ml/g. The carbonaceous material is advantageously produced by carbonizing an organic material originated from bamboo genera of family Gramineae, particularly genus Pleioblastus or Bambusa, at 1000-1400° C. under a reduced pressure or under a flowing inert gas stream to provide an appropriate porous structure.

Abstract: A lithium cell, having positive and negative electrodes capable of occluding and releasing lithium and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The cell of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a gelated electrolyte composed of a polyacrylonitrile containing high molecular material, a &ggr;-caprolactone containing non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt mainly comprised of LiPF6, with the content of &ggr;-caprolactone in the gelated electrolyte being 30 mol % or less. With the gelated electrolyte composed of the polyacrylonitrile containing high molecular material, non-aqueous solvent and the electrolyte salt mainly composed of LiPF6, a carbide film is formed on the electrode surface, on contact with the flame, as a result of the carbonization of the high molecular material and the carbonization accelerating operation of LiPF6. This carbide film inhibits inflammation for realizing superior combustion retardant properties.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte secondary cell in which discharge capacity loss can be suppressed even with the use of a graphitized carbonaceous material of a small particle size as a negative electrode material to assure low impedance, superior cell voltage and load characteristics and high charging/discharging efficiency. To this end, a graphitized carbonaceous material prepared by firing meso-carbon micro-beads is used as a material for a negative electrode 9.