Abstract: A method of manufacturing a substrate includes applying solder resist ink containing a mixing resin of epoxy-based resin and acrylic-based resin on at least one surface of a substrate body to form a solder resist layer, and irradiating a predetermined portion of the solder resist layer with ultraviolet rays and controlling an amount of irradiation of the ultraviolet rays irradiated to the predetermined of the solder resist layer to form the predetermined portion in transmissivity that transmits light.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a substrate includes applying solder resist ink containing a mixing resin of epoxy-based resin and acrylic-based resin on at least one surface of a substrate body to form a solder resist layer, and irradiating a predetermined portion of the solder resist layer with ultraviolet rays and controlling an amount of irradiation of the ultraviolet rays irradiated to the predetermined of the solder resist layer to form the predetermined portion in transmissivity that transmits light.

Abstract: A sizing agent for carbon fiber comprising either a component (A) and a component (B), or alternatively, a component (A?), a component (B?) and a component (D), each of which is described below. Component (A): an epoxy compound with at least 1 epoxy group within each molecule, and with a surface energy of 17 to 34 mJ/m2; component (B): an epoxy compound with at least 1 epoxy group within each molecule, and with a surface energy of at least 35 mJ/m2; component (A?): an epoxy compound with at least 2 epoxy groups within each molecule, and with a surface energy of 17 to 34 mJ/m2; component (B?): an epoxy compound with at least 2 epoxy groups within each molecule, and with a surface energy of at least 35 mJ/m2; and component (D): an anionic surfactant with an aryloxy group as a hydrophobic group, with an ammonium ion as a counter ion, and with an alkylene oxide addition quantity of no more than 10 moles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sizing agent capable of imparting superior resin impregnation and adhesion with resin, and more particularly, a carbon fiber sizing agent that have satisfactory emulsification stability having stable process throughput and minimizes the changes over time in the sized carbon fibers. The carbon fiber sizing agent contains (A) a compound having at least one epoxy group per molecule, (B) an anionic surfactant having an ammonium ion as the counter ion, and (C) a nonionic surfactant wherein, the nonionic surfactant (C) is contained at 1/50 to ½ (weight ratio) relative to the anionic surfactant (B).

Abstract: Epoxy resin compositions comprising (a) an epoxy resin, (b) a latent curing agent with curing power at 100° C. or below and (c) an aromatic amine-based curing agent and/or an alicyclic amine-based curing agent, which are curable in two stages, or epoxy resin compositions further comprising (d) a curing accelerator, as well as a prepregs comprising reinforcing fiber materials impregnated with the epoxy resin compositions. The compositions give die-releasable cured products by primary curing at low temperature, give highly heat-resistant cured products by secondary curing, and exhibit satisfactory stability at room temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sizing agent capable of imparting superior resin impregnation and adhesion with resin, and more particularly, a carbon fiber sizing agent that have satisfactory emulsification stability having stable process throughput and minimizes the changes over time in the sized carbon fibers. The carbon fiber sizing agent contains (A) a compound having at least one epoxy group per molecule, (B) an anionic surfactant having an ammonium ion as the counter ion, and (C) a nonionic surfactant wherein, the nonionic surfactant (C) is contained at {fraction (1/50)} to ½ (weight ratio) relative to the anionic surfactant (B).

Abstract: A sizing agent for carbon fiber comprising either a component (A) and a component (B), or alternatively, a component (A′), a component (B′) and a component (D), each of which is described below. Component (A): an epoxy compound with at least 1 epoxy group within each molecule, and with a surface energy of 17 to 34 mJ/m2; component (B): an epoxy compound with at least 1 epoxy group within each molecule, and with a surface energy of at least 35 mJ/m2; component (A′): an epoxy compound with at least 2 epoxy groups within each molecule, and with a surface energy of 17 to 34 mJ/m2; component (B′): an epoxy compound with at least 2 epoxy groups within each molecule, and with a surface energy of at least 35 mJ/m2; and component (D): an anionic surfactant with an aryloxy group as a hydrophobic group, with an ammonium ion as a counter ion, and with an alkylene oxide addition quantity of no more than 10 moles.

Abstract: Epoxy resin compositions comprising (a) an epoxy resin, (b) a latent curing agent with curing power at 100° C. or below and (c) an aromatic amine-based curing agent and/or an alicyclic amine-based curing agent, which are curable in two stages, or epoxy resin compositions further comprising (d) a curing accelerator, as well as a prepregs comprising reinforcing fiber materials impregnated with the epoxy resin compositions. The compositions give die-releasable cured products by primary curing at low temperature, give highly heat-resistant cured products by secondary curing, and exhibit satisfactory stability at room temperature.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a carbon-fiber-reinforced resin composite material, and a partition structure using the same, having superior strength and heat resistance, and which do not result in the occurrence of leakage due to cracking even when cooled to low temperatures. In the present invention, a carbon-fiber-reinforced resin composite material is used for which the amount of leakage in a helium gas leak test after loading for 30 minutes at a strain of 6000&mgr; in liquid hydrogen being 1×10−9 Ncm3/cm2/s or less. The carbon-fiber-reinforced resin composite material is also a carbon-fiber-reinforced resin composite material having an epoxy resin composed of a homogeneous phase for the matrix resin, wherein the glass transition temperature is 150° C. or higher, the fracture elongation of a 90° tensile test is 1.

Abstract: A process control method and a process control apparatus using a fuzzy control with reducing rules and membership functions. The process control apparatus for determining a manipulating variable of a controlled object, includes an input/output unit for inputting a present value of a controlled variable and for outputting the determined manipulating variable, a predicting unit having a simulator of a controlled object, for calculating a control variable after a predetermined time has passed, assuming now that a present value of the manipulating variable is continued, and a fuzzy controlling unit for inferring a manipulating variable at a present time by inputting a deviation value between a preset set-point value and a predicted value. The simulator simulates the controlled object as dead time and a first order delay. Since only the predicted value of the controlled variable is employed as the input of the fuzzy control, fuzzy inference can be simplified and noise resistance can be improved.

Abstract: A state diagnostic system for equipment is disclosed. The system is constructed of a neural network model for learning in advance one or more samples of information on vibrations, which are produced in a specific operation state of the equipment, in association with the corresponding operation state and obtaining an output signal corresponding to results of the learning when information on vibrations produced upon operation of the equipment is inputted; an input unit for inputting to the neural network model the information on the vibrations produced upon operation of the equipment; and an output unit for outputting the output signal from the neural network model as diagnostic results to a user. State diagnostic methods, learning system, preview/predict system, diagnosis training system, service life estimation assisting system, service life estimation assisting system, and maintenance assisting system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for controlling a controlled system by a controller such that a controlled variable can be brought into conformity with a desired value. With respect to at least one of input/output variables for a combined controlling-controlled system, which includes in combination the controller and the controlled system, and input/output variables for the controlled system, information containing its characteristics is taken out from the combined controlling-controlled system. The information with the characteristics contained therein is inputted to a neural network which has been caused beforehand to learn a correlation between the information containing the characteristics and control parameters. From the neural network, one or more of the control parameters, said one or more control parameters corresponding to a corresponding number of inputs to the neural network, are outputted to the controller.

Abstract: A process control system controls a large scale plant such as thermal power plant.

Abstract: A process control apparatus and a process control system for observing the waveform of the deviation between a set point which controls the process in a control loop and the process controlled variable transmitted from the process so that the operating parameters are adjusted in accordance with a predetermined adjustment rule by using the deviation based upon the absolute value of a wave for every half cycle of the wave. Therefore, even if the process controlled variable is influenced, the area of the wave cannot be changed significantly. As a result, the operating parameters can be adjusted correctly, causing the process controlled variable to quickly coincide with the set point.

Abstract: A self-tuning controller apparatus which comprises: a control response pattern recognition portion for receiving a set-point and a controlled variable of a process and for obtaining three performance indexes from a controlled variable response pattern generated in response to a change in the set-point or a disturbance; a control parameter correction portion for qualitatively evaluating the three performance indexes and for inferring a correction value of a PID control parameter on the basis of the result of evaluation; and a control performance dissatisfaction degree evaluation portion for evaluating the inferred correction value of the PID control parameter in accordance with the dissatisfaction degrees of the two performance indexes for the respective target specifications of the two of the three performance indexes. The control performance dissatisfaction degree evaluation portion acts to make the PID control parameter converge stably.

Abstract: PID control method and PID controller for determining, from a control response from a process, characteristic values representative of controllability and automatically deriving and setting PID constants from the determined characteristic values. The error between a set point and a controlled value is decided as to whether to be due to a change in set point or due to a disturbance, and PID constants are set on the basis of results of decision.

Abstract: A PID controller system comprises a PID controller for PID controlling a process standing for an object to be controlled, and an automatic adjuster being responsive to a variable relating to the manipulation of the PID controller and the response shape of the control variable from the process to obtain necessary performance indexes and preparing, on the basis of the performance indexes, optimum control parameters for tuning the actual control variable to the control command value, the optimum control parameters being fedback from the automatic adjuster to the PID controller.

Abstract: A method of controlling combustion in a furnace of a boiler or the like having a burner for a main combustion and a burner for a reducing combustion in order to effect combustion for furnace denitrification. The method comprises the steps of: estimating the NO.sub.x generation amount from data on a flame formed by the main combustion; estimating the reducing agent generation amount from data on a flame formed by the reducing combustion; and controlling the flow rates of fuel and air supplied for the main and reducing combustions so that the amount of NO.sub.x emission as the difference between the NO.sub.x generation amount and the reducing agent generation amount is below a specified value. In practice, each of the NO.sub.x generation amount and the reducing agent generation amount is estimated from the flame pattern, the flame volume, the distance between the outlet of the burner concerned and the root of the flame concerned, etc.

Abstract: A system and method for the adaptive control of a process in which a feed forward control signal corresponding to a process demand is calculated according to a predetermined algebraic function, while a feedback correction signal is calculated on the basis of an error of a process feedback signal indicative of an error of a controlled variable from a predetermined setting, and the controlled variable of the process is controlled on the basis of the sum of these two signals. The adaptive control is such that, when a set point of the function deviates from the actual process demand, a value corresponding to the error appears in the feedback correction signal, and this value is used for automatically modifying the function itself to ensure the adaptive control of the process. A determination is made whether or not the process is in the steady state and when steady state operation is determined, the function of the feed forward control signal is modified.