Abstract: An electrochemical element including a plate-like support provided with an internal passage therein. The plate-like support includes a gas-permeable portion through which gas is permeable between the internal passage and the outside of the plate-like support and an electrochemical reaction portion that is formed by stacking at least a film-like electrode layer, a film-like electrolyte layer, and a film-like counter electrode layer in the stated order in a predetermined stacking direction on an outer face of the plate-like support so as to entirely or partially cover the gas-permeable portion. A first gas, that is one of reducing component gas and oxidative component gas, flows through the internal passage, and the internal passage is provided with a turbulence forming body that forms a turbulence state of the first gas.

Abstract: A metal support for an electrochemical element where the metal support includes a plate face, has a plate shape as a whole, and has a warping degree of 1.5×10?2 or less determined by calculating a least square value through the least squares method using at least three points in the plate face of the metal support, calculating a first difference between the least square value and a positive-side maximum displacement value on a positive side with respect to the least square value and a second difference between the least square value and a negative-side maximum displacement value on a negative side that is opposite to the positive side with respect to the least square value, and dividing the sum of the first difference and the second difference by a maximum length of the plate face of the metal support that passes through a center of gravity.

Abstract: The present invention includes metal materials 42a and 52a made of thermally expandable members that thermally expand, and insulating metal oxide layers 42b and 52b. The metal materials 42a and 52a and the metal oxide layers 42b and 52b formed in an annular shape have through holes 42c and 52c thereinside.

Abstract: Provided is a film forming apparatus capable of stably supplying a large amount of ceramic raw material powder for a long time and forming a homogeneous and dense film. A film forming apparatus 1 for forming a film on a base material K includes an aerosol transport path 10 for ejecting an aerosol obtained by dispersing a ceramic raw material powder in a gas, from an ejection end 10a toward the base material K, in which a flow path cross-section at an ejection end 10a of the aerosol transport path 10 has a substantially circular shape with an area of 10 mm2 or more.

Abstract: An electrochemical element including a plate-like support provided with an internal passage therein. The plate-like support includes a gas-permeable portion through which gas is permeable between the internal passage and the outside of the plate-like support and an electrochemical reaction portion that is formed by stacking at least a film-like electrode layer, a film-like electrolyte layer, and a film-like counter electrode layer in the stated order in a predetermined stacking direction on an outer face of the plate-like support so as to entirely or partially cover the gas-permeable portion. A first gas, that is one of reducing component gas and oxidative component gas, flows through the internal passage, and the internal passage is provided with a turbulence forming body that forms a turbulence state of the first gas.