Abstract: A plurality of moulds each including a side frame and a hollow bed overlying the side frame are vertically stacked with sealing members interposed between the beds and the side frames for hermetically sealing the moulds. While the pressure in the moulds is being reduced a hydraulic substance such as cement is poured into the moulds. The poured hydraulic substance is heat cured to produce solid articles releasable from the moulds. An empty mould is added to one side of the stack while a mould containing the cured substance is removed from the other side of the stack. Alternatively, the process can be carried out according to a batch system. The moulds may be packed with aggregate, fittings or means for interconnecting the articles.

Abstract: A slurry shaped freshly mixed fluid compound such as paste or mortar and coarse or fine aggregate are conveyed under pressure through discrete conduits and then mixed together substantially immediately before blasting. The mixture is blasted through a nozzle against a body to be covered with concrete.

Abstract: A plurality of moulds each including a side frame and a hollow bed overlying the side frame are vertically stacked with sealing members interposed between the beds and the side frames for hermetically sealing the moulds. While the pressure in the moulds is being reduced a hydraulic substance such as cememt is poured into the moulds. The poured hydraulic substance is heat cured to produce solid articles releasable from the moulds. An empty mould is added to one side of the stack while a mould containing the cured substance is removed from the other side of the stack. Alternatively, the process can be carried out according to a batch system. The moulds may be packed with aggregate, fittings or means for interconnecting the articles.

Abstract: The fluidity of a plastic fluid, cement mortar for example, is measured by passing the fluid through a flow passage packed with an aggregate for simulating an actual mould, measuring the flow pressure, and measuring the quantitative flow coefficient between the fluid and the flow passage. The pressure remaining in the passage after the fluid has been poured into the passage and after the flow speed has been decreased to zero or the pressure after a quantity of the fluid has been added to the passage and prior to the discharge of the fluid from the passage is measured to determine the relative shear stress yielding value. Thereafter, the fluid is caused to flow to determine again the relative shear stress yielding value, and the relative closure coefficient is determined by the difference between said two relative shear stress yielding values.

Abstract: Hydraulic cement or the like is poured into a closed mould under a reduced pressure condition to a level slightly higher than a predetermined level. Coarse aggregate and steel rods are prepacked in the mould. After pouring, the pressure in the mould is increased to atmospheric pressure or a higher pressure to force the hydraulic cement above the predetermined level back into the space below the level thus compacting the poured in hydraulic cement. A cushion device is provided for the pouring device. An overflow tank is connected to the mould to observe the level of the poured cement. The pressure in the overflow tank is also decreased during pouring and increased after pouring.

Abstract: Hydraulic cement or the like is poured into a closed mould under a reduced pressure condition to a level slightly higher than a predetermined level. Coarse aggregate and steel rods are prepacked in the mould. After pouring the pressure in the mould is increased to atmospheric pressure or a higher pressure to force the hydraulic cement above the predetermined level back into the space below the level thus compacting the poured in hydraulic cement. A cushion device is provided for the pouring device. An overflow tank is connected to the mould to observe the level of the poured cement. The pressure in the overflow tank is also decreased during pouring and increased after pouring.