Abstract: A device is disclosed for deflating a gas cavity about a projectile formed upon entry of the projectile into a liquid. The device can include a wall coupleable with a body operable as a projectile and defining an exterior and an interior space. The wall can be oriented toward a trailing end relative to a leading end defined by the body. The device can also include at least one inlet to facilitate gas flow from the exterior to the interior space. An outlet can facilitate gas flow from the interior space to the exterior and can be oriented toward the trailing end relative to the at least one inlet. Upon entry of the body and the wall into a liquid and formation of a gas cavity about a portion of the body and the wall, the at least one inlet can be located within the gas cavity and the outlet can be located outside the gas cavity, such that gas flows from the exterior through the at least one inlet to the interior space, and from the interior space through the outlet to the exterior to deflate the gas cavity.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for deflating a gas cavity about a projectile formed upon entry of the projectile into a liquid. The device can include a wall coupleable with a body operable as a projectile and defining an exterior and an interior space. The wall can be oriented toward a trailing end relative to a leading end defined by the body. The device can also include at least one inlet to facilitate gas flow from the exterior to the interior space. An outlet can facilitate gas flow from the interior space to the exterior and can be oriented toward the trailing end relative to the at least one inlet. Upon entry of the body and the wall into a liquid and formation of a gas cavity about a portion of the body and the wall, the at least one inlet can be located within the gas cavity and the outlet can be located outside the gas cavity, such that gas flows from the exterior through the at least one inlet to the interior space, and from the interior space through the outlet to the exterior to deflate the gas cavity.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for deflating a gas cavity about a projectile formed upon entry of the projectile into a liquid. The device can include a wall coupleable with a body operable as a projectile and defining an exterior and an interior space. The wall can be oriented toward a trailing end relative to a leading end defined by the body. The device can also include at least one inlet to facilitate gas flow from the exterior to the interior space. An outlet can facilitate gas flow from the interior space to the exterior and can be oriented toward the trailing end relative to the at least one inlet. Upon entry of the body and the wall into a liquid and formation of a gas cavity about a portion of the body and the wall, the at least one inlet can be located within the gas cavity and the outlet can be located outside the gas cavity, such that gas flows from the exterior through the at least one inlet to the interior space, and from the interior space through the outlet to the exterior to deflate the gas cavity.

Abstract: A splash prevention apparatus is disclosed. The splash prevention apparatus may be placed on a surface to capture satellite droplets that would result from a liquid impinging upon the surface. The splash prevention device is designed to be particularly effective when used inside a urinal to capture impinging urine. In embodiments, a splash prevention device includes a planar base pad, which may be designed to either fit the shape of the base of a urinal or to resemble other easily recognizable shapes. In embodiments, a pillar array extends from the planar base pad and the pillars may be made of a material that will bend when impinged upon by a stream of urine. Both the base pad and pillar array of a splash prevention device may be formed from rigid or deformable material. The pillar array may be arranged in a Cartesian or non-Cartesian pattern.

Abstract: A splash prevention apparatus is disclosed. The splash prevention apparatus may be placed on a surface to capture satellite droplets that would result from a liquid impinging upon the surface. The splash prevention device is designed to be particularly effective when used inside a urinal to capture impinging urine. In embodiments, a splash prevention device includes a planar base pad, which may be designed to either fit the shape of the base of a urinal or to resemble other easily recognizable shapes. In embodiments, a pillar array extends from the planar base pad and the pillars may be made of a material that will bend when impinged upon by a stream of urine. Both the base pad and pillar array of a splash prevention device may be formed from rigid or deformable material. The pillar array may be arranged in a Cartesian or non-Cartesian pattern.

Abstract: A synthetic aperture three-dimensional fluid flow imaging apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a plurality of cameras. At least two of the cameras are oriented to view a volume along mutually non-parallel directions. The cameras are connected to a programmable computer. The computer captures images from the cameras to generate three dimensional intensity fields. The computer can refocus the images on at least one refocus plane to generate reconstructed three dimensional intensity fields on a plane within the volume. Intensity field cross-correlation is performed on the reconstructed three dimensional intensity fields to extract velocity fields within the volume. The velocity fields represent velocities of objects or fluid phases within the volume. These velocity fields can be recorded for later use.