Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a third insulating pattern and a first insulating pattern on a substrate, the third insulating pattern and the first insulating pattern being spaced apart from each other in a first direction that is perpendicular to the substrate such that a bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and a top surface of the first insulating pattern face each other, a gate electrode between the bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and the top surface of the first insulating pattern, and including a first side extending between the bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and the top surface of the first insulating pattern, and a second insulating pattern that protrudes from the first side of the gate electrode by a second width in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a plurality of host materials and organic electroluminescent devices comprising the same. The present disclosure may provide a plurality of host materials having a composition favorable to thermal denaturation due to a low deposition temperature, while improving hole properties and electronic properties of HOMO and LUMO, by comprising separate compounds represented by formulas 1 and 2 into a light-emitting layer. By comprising the plurality of host materials of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide an organic electroluminescent device having a lower driving voltage, higher luminous efficiency and/or longer lifetime.

Abstract: A PUF apparatus comprises: a PUF cell array in which a plurality of PUF cells are arranged each including a FeFET pair whose gates are commonly connected to a corresponding word line among a plurality of word lines, and whose drains and sources are connected to a corresponding bit line pair and a corresponding source line pair among a plurality of bit line pairs and a plurality of source line pairs running in a direction crossing the plurality of word lines; and a read-write-back block which is activated according to a read enable signal, and senses and amplifies a voltage difference occurring in a corresponding bit line pair among the plurality of bit line pairs according to the difference in driving strength due to a deviation in a manufacturing process of the FeFET pair in the PUF cell selected by a selected word line among the plurality of word lines.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment includes: a first inverter; and a second inverter cross-coupled to the first inverter, wherein the second inverter includes a pull-up transistor, a pull-down transistor, and a ferroelectric field effect transistor having gate nodes connected to each other, and a restore transistor having one electrode connected to the ferroelectric field effect transistor, and the second inverter stores data in a nonvolatile manner.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound, a plurality of host materials, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By comprising the compound according to the present disclosure or by comprising a specific combination of compounds according to the present disclosure as a plurality of host materials, it is possible to produce an organic electroluminescent device having improved driving voltage, luminous efficiency, and/or lifetime properties compared to the conventional organic electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By comprising the compound according to the present disclosure, an organic electroluminescent device having improved driving voltage, power efficiency and/or lifetime characteristics compared to conventional organic electroluminescent devices can be provided.

Abstract: Provided are a method for fabricating a highly elastic porous polymer membrane, a method for manufacturing a cell culture system using a porous polymer membrane fabricated by the fabrication method, and a cell culture system manufactured by the manufacturing method. The porous polymer membrane can be fabricated by spin coating a mixture solution containing a biodegradable elastomeric polymer and a water-soluble moisture absorbent in an optimum ratio while maintaining a high relative humidity. The porous polymer membrane has a uniform thickness and a uniform pore size and is highly elastic. In addition, the thickness and pore size of the porous polymer membrane can be controlled. The porous polymer membrane can induce active cell-cell interaction during cell co-culture due to its high porosity. The porous polymer membrane enables control over cell alignment or array due to its high biocompatibility and elasticity.

Abstract: A charging control device of an electric vehicle and a method thereof may include requesting a charging required current from a charger in a state in which power line communication (PLC) with the charger is established, detecting a round trip time required to receive a response to the request, and adjusting a switching period of a multi-inverter based on the round trip time such that the PLC with the charger is prevented from being interrupted in a process of charging a battery of the electric vehicle.

Abstract: A charging system for an electric vehicle that receives electric power from external charging equipment to charge a battery includes an inlet including a plurality of ports. The inlet is connectable to the external charging equipment. A charging management part includes a control pilot (CP) terminal for receiving a charging signal indicating information related to a charging power source of the external charging equipment through the inlet. The CP terminal includes a CP plus terminal connected to a CP port among the plurality of ports of the inlet. The CP plus terminal is configured to receive the charging signal. A CP minus terminal is directly connected to a ground port among the plurality of ports of the inlet. The CP minus terminal is configured to receive a ground potential of the external charging equipment.

Abstract: A multi-input charging system and a multi-input charging method using a motor driving system can promptly compulsorily discharge a high charging voltage formed in a neutral point capacitor forming a neutral point voltage in a charging process and formed in a DC capacitor between an inverter and a battery.

Abstract: A charging control device of an electric vehicle and a method thereof may include requesting a charging required current from a charger in a state in which power line communication (PLC) with the charger is established, detecting a round trip time required to receive a response to the request, and adjusting a switching period of a multi-inverter based on the round trip time such that the PLC with the charger is prevented from being interrupted in a process of charging a battery of the electric vehicle.

Abstract: A multi-input charging system and a multi-input charging method using a motor driving system can promptly compulsorily discharge a high charging voltage formed in a neutral point capacitor forming a neutral point voltage in a charging process and formed in a DC capacitor between an inverter and a battery.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing vibrations of a two-cylinder engine for a hybrid electric vehicle includes a reference signal generator for generating a first reference signal and a first reference phase, a speed calculator for calculating a speed of the motor based on the position of the motor, a vibration extractor for extracting a first vibration signal based on the speed of the motor, a variable filter, a filter coefficient updater, a phase calculator, a phase shift compensator, a synchronization signal generator for generating a first synchronization signal synchronized with the first vibration signal based on a first reference phase transferred from the reference signal generator, the second phase difference transferred from the phase calculator and the first compensation value transferred from the phase shift compensator, an inverse phase signal generator, and a torque generator for generating a final command torque based on the first inverse phase signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for extracting vibration of a hybrid vehicle, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method of extracting vibration of a hybrid vehicle by varying a target vibration frequency. An apparatus for extracting vibration of a hybrid electric vehicle includes: an engine and a driving motor, which are power sources; a starter motor/generator connected to the engine; and a control unit configured to measure a motor speed of the starter motor/generator, to generate a speed variation quantity based on the motor speed of the starter motor/generator, to calculate a vibration frequency of the engine when the speed variation quantity exceeds a reference value, to set a filter band based on the vibration frequency of the engine, and to extract, with the filter band, a vibration of the engine.

Abstract: A limp-home control method and a system for hybrid vehicles which can minimize vehicle vibration (jerk) and improve operability by driving an engine with counter electromotive force and locking up an engine clutch with a difference between an engine speed and a motor speed minimized when a high voltage to an inverter is interrupted due to a failure of a high voltage system of the hybrid vehicle.

Abstract: A DCT shifting control method of a vehicle includes: a temporary engaging step that engages an N-3 stage gear having a gear ratio larger than an N stage gear that is a currently engaged gear; a first torque switching step that starts to slip a first clutch engaged with the N-3 stage gear and disengages a second clutch engaged with the N stage gear that is the currently engaged gear; a synchronization speed adjusting step that synchronizes a speed of a power source of a vehicle with a desired input shaft speed by controlling the power source of the vehicle, disengages the N stage gear, and engages the N-2 stage gear that is the desired gear, with the slip of the first clutch maintained; and a second torque switching step that finishes shifting by disengaging the first clutch and engaging the second clutch.

Abstract: A method for enforced discharge of a hybrid vehicle is aimed at discharging a voltage formed in a high-voltage system of a hybrid vehicle to safely remove risk factors due to high voltage when enforced discharge is requested. The method includes determining whether enforced discharge is requested, speed-controlling a motor connected to an engine so as to transmit power to the engine to reduce speed of the motor to zero revolutions per minute, stopping the engine connected to the speed-controlled motor when the enforced discharge is requested, and performing enforced discharge control for enforced-discharging a voltage of a high-voltage system when the engine is stopped.

Abstract: A limp-home control method and a system for hybrid vehicles which can minimize vehicle vibration (jerk) and improve operability by driving an engine with counter electromotive force and locking up an engine clutch with a difference between an engine speed and a motor speed minimized when a high voltage to an inverter is interrupted due to a failure of a high voltage system of the hybrid vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for extracting vibration of a hybrid vehicle, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method of extracting vibration of a hybrid vehicle by varying a target vibration frequency. An apparatus for extracting vibration of a hybrid electric vehicle includes: an engine and a driving motor, which are power sources; a starter motor/generator connected to the engine; and a control unit configured to measure a motor speed of the starter motor/generator, to generate a speed variation quantity based on the motor speed of the starter motor/generator, to calculate a vibration frequency of the engine when the speed variation quantity exceeds a reference value, to set a filter band based on the vibration frequency of the engine, and to extract, with the filter band, a vibration of the engine.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing vibrations of a two-cylinder engine for a hybrid electric vehicle includes a reference signal generator for generating a first reference signal and a first reference phase, a speed calculator for calculating a speed of the motor based on the position of the motor, a vibration extractor for extracting a first vibration signal based on the speed of the motor, a variable filter, a filter coefficient updater, a phase calculator, a phase shift compensator, a synchronization signal generator for generating a first synchronization signal synchronized with the first vibration signal based on a first reference phase transferred from the reference signal generator, the second phase difference transferred from the phase calculator and the first compensation value transferred from the phase shift compensator, an inverse phase signal generator, and a torque generator for generating a final command torque based on the first inverse phase signal.